Cross Culture Understanding VERBAL group 8.pptx

a presentation about cross culture understanding

1. Cross Culture Understanding Group 8

2. Verbal & Non-verbal Communications

3. Created By Febry Putra Utama (F1021141023) Nadya Arisca (F1021141022) Sherly (F1021141027) Yunita Indriana (F1021141029) Zsal Zsabila (F1021141004)

4. Definitions of Communication According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, communication is the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc to someone else. Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another . A message or communication is sent by the sender through a communication channel to a receiver, or to multiple receivers.  The sender must encode the message (the information being conveyed) into a form that is appropriate to the communication channel, and the receiver(s) then decodes the message to understand its meaning and significance.

5. Misunderstanding can occur at any stage of the communication process. Effective communication involves minimizing potential misunderstanding and overcoming any barriers to communication at each stage in the communication process.

6. According to Robert M. Krauss, professor of psychology at Columbia University, signs and symbols are the major signals that make up communication. Words act as symbols, and signs are secondary products of the underlying message and include things like tone of voice, blushing and facial expressions

7. The Definition of Verbal Communication Verbal communication refers to the use of sounds and language to relay a message. It serves as a vehicle for expressing desires, ideas and concepts and is vital to the processes of learning and teaching. In combination with nonverbal forms of communication, verbal communication acts as the primary tool for expression between two or more people.

8. The Definition of Non-Verbal Communication Non-Verbal Communication is the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless (mostly visual ) cues between people. It is sometimes mistakenly referred to as body language ( kinesics ), but nonverbal communication encompasses much more, such as use of voice ( paralanguage ), touch, distance, and physical environments/appearance. Nonverbal communication describes the process of shared cues between people, which goes hand-in-hand with public speaking. This can include eye contact, frequency of glances, blink rate, gestures, facial expressions, postures, and more.

9. Types of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

10. Verbal Communication Written Communication Electronic Communication Spoken Communication

11. Non-Verbal Communication Facial Expression Body Movement and Postures Gestures Eye Contact Space Voice

12. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Indonesia

13. Indonesia is known as another country that is high context and uses indirect style to communicate . Lots of things can be said using nonverbal cues rather than verbal cues. Indonesians tend to speak very little and don’t go into too much depth with people they don’t know.

14. Verbal Communication There are certain things that do not get discussed in a public forum including politics and religion. It is also very important to remember that Indonesian people are very concerned with “face-saving”. They tend to do anything they can to avoid face damaging acts. Malu is the term used in Indonesia for avoiding the cause of shame. Most people should know that people in Indonesia are extremely polite. By saying “no”, a person can be seen as being rude. Even if two people do not agree on something, they still say yes so that they are agreeable and not embarrassing the other person

15. Written Communication Written communication in Indonesia is not commonly used as in the past. As we know, in the past letters are commonly used to communicate with others that are live in different places. But because of technology, letters were replaced by instant messages. But it still used in order to formally inform something, like to invite someone to come to a party. For institutions such as schools and offices, letters used to inform that we can’t attend the meeting.

16. Electronic Communication Electronic Communication is widely spread around the country. Instant message has replaced letter role to communicate with someone in a different place. E-mail or electronic mail is also commonly used in the offices and educated people. Besides, we can communicate with our mobile phone.

17. Spoken Communication Conversations in Indonesia tend to last quite some time. It is considered rude to rush a greeting or conversation. When greeting someone in Indonesia, it is important to remember to use titles because they are a high power distance culture. Hence, when meeting an Indonesian, of course, the family will be the most important topic to discuss, such as how many children they have and what their ages are. This will also give you a chance to compliment them about how young they look to be parents. When meeting Indonesians who travel or have been educated abroad, you can also ask them about their experiences. Ask Indonesians about their origin. Which part of Indonesia do they come from?

18. Things to avoid discussing Age Religion Politics and human rights  

19. Non-Verbal Communication Facial Expression Facial expressions are expression that is determined by situations and relationships. Facial expressions include such actions as smiling, frowning, eye rolling, eye contact, scowling, and appearing bored or interested .

20. Body Movement and Postures In Indonesia, body movement and postures are used to emphasize something. Such as, they will make the body movement or postures to signal the others that they are feel uncomfortable or don’t like something that people said.

21. Gestures - Meeting and Greeting - Offering or accepting the gifts - Beckon - Point at something - Sit with soles shoes showing - Pat a student on the head - Touching - The ring gesture - The head gestures

22. beckon

23. pointing

24. Greetings when meeting someone

25. Eye Contact In Indonesia, direct eye contact should be avoided. You can probably look at the person on the chin or you can also look them in the eye for very short periods of time as they will feel very uncomfortable to have direct eye contact constantly while having a conversation with you. But do use your judgment. If you know that the person has been educated abroad, it should be okay.

26. Space Far or close distance in a conversation depends on the relationship, example: the distance when we are chatting with family and strangers of course different, because when we are chatting with the family we will close the distance and very different when we are chatting with strangers, of course, our distance going far. Indonesians are used to an overcrowded society; they tend to ignore inadvertent invasions of space. Allowing for personal space is a sign of respect.

27. Voice Indonesians usually speak in quiet, gentle tones. At times, they may even appear shy. However, this only reflects their politeness and respect for others. Conversations may include extended periods of silence, sometimes as long as ten seconds or more.

28. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in America

29. Verbal Communication Written Communication Electronic Communication Spoken Communication

30. Non-Verbal Communication Facial Expression Facial expressions are expression that is determined by situations and relationships. In American Sign Language, facial expressions are an important part of communication.

31. Body Movement and Postures In America, body movement and postures are almost as same as Indonesia. But, they are openly show the body movement and postures without concerning others’ feeling.

32. Gestures Meeting and Greeting Offering or accepting a gift Beckon Point at something Sit with soles shoes showing Patting a child’s head, but not a teenager or adult’s head Touching The ring gesture Wave hand with the palm facing outward to greet someone The head gestures

33. pointing

34. beckon

35. Ring gesture

36. Sit with soles shoes showing

37. Waving hand

38. Eye Contac t In parts of United States, such as on the West Coast and in the South, it is enough common to glance at strangers when passing them. Patterns of eye contact are different in every culture. Some Americans feel uncomfortable with the “gaze” that is sometimes associated with Arab or Indian communication patterns. For Americans, this style of eye contact is too intense. They view intense eye contact negatively, because it may convey a lack of interest, inattention, or even mistrust. In the American culture, when they lack of eye contact and mistrust they will state directly in the expression, “Never trust a person who doesn’t look you in the eyes.”

39. Space For Americans, the usual distance in social conversation ranges from about an arm’s length to four feet. Less space in the American culture may be associated with either greater intimacy or aggressive behavior. The common practice of saying, “Excuse me” for the slightest accidental teaching of another person reveals how uncomfortable Americans are if people get too close. Thus, a person whose “space” has been intruded upon by another may feel threatened and react defensively. In cultures where close physical contact is acceptable and even desirable Americans may be perceived as cold and distant .

40. Voice It is important for Americans to speak with a right tone. Some Americans may be in a full spirit when they are talking, but it is not always means that they are angry. They are just too excited to talk.

41. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in United Kingdom

42. Verbal Communication Written Communication E lectronic Communication Spoken Communication

43. Non-Verbal Communication Facial Expression The British, being notoriously undemonstrative, keep emotions hidden from public view so as not to make anyone uncomfortable.

44. Body Movement and Postures In British culture the language of body movement is not frequently used and only the most basic gestures are performed. Overdoing a body movement or posture can sometimes come across as aggressive behavior.

45. Gestures Meeting and Greeting Gift Giving Touching The signal The gaze The wave The salute The two-fingered salute (V-sign) The ‘ w al ker ’ sign The middle finger Pointing

46. pointing

47. Waving hand

48. The salute

49. V signs

50. Middle finger

51. Shaking hand

52. Eye Contact Brits show a tendency to keep it relatively short, as it can provoke misunderstandings between people. Direct eye contact may be misinterpreted as hostility and aggressiveness. If you are talking to a group, then make eye contact with all people, and do not focus your attention on one person alone. Eye contact is seldom kept during British conversations.

53. Space Personal space is important in England, and one should maintain a wide physical space when conversing.  Furthermore, it is considered inappropriate to touch others in public. The reserved nature of the British is emphasized by their respect towards personal space. It is highly valued by them and keeping an acceptable distance is advised. In order to feel comfortable, they create a kind of personal air bubble around them. During conversation they prefer to stand next to each other rather than opposite.

54. Voice British speak in low, measured tones, without raising the voice. It is impolite to interrupt others; intonation conveys one has finished speaking and, in British English, the voice normally goes down at the end of an affirmative sentence.

55. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Australia

56. Verbal Communication Written Communication Electronic Communication Spoken Communication

57. Non-Verbal Communication Facial Expression Facial expressions are commonly used in australia . Facial expressions are used to emphasis something. Such as smile is symbol for agreement, happiness, and so on. Australians enjoy an easy-going lifestyle and are generally friendly and relaxed. Modesty and equality are valued. They smile freely at strangers.

58. Body Movement and Posture Every culture has certain 'typical' behaviors; ways of standing, moving, using hands, eyes, arms, nodding the head, etc. Usually there are meanings associated with these movements or gestures, and the meaning may be different in Australia from the meaning attached in your own culture.

59. Gestures Thumbs Up Crossing Fingers Winking Gazing Touching The ring gesture Wave hand with the palm facing outward to greet someone The head gestures

60. Thumb up

61. Crossing fingers

62. Winking & ring gesture

63. Eye Contact In Australia it is important to use direct eye contact to show you are an open honest person. Maintaining a steady gaze on someone’s face is particularly important when you are listening otherwise they may think you are not paying attention or that you are not interested in what they’re saying. When you are speaking, it is OK to let your eyes move around a bit, as long as you keep coming back to the other person’s face from time to time. If you avoid direct eye contact when speaking, Australians may think you are trying to hide something or that you lack self-confidence.

64. Space In Australia they like their personal space and they will stay about an arm’s length away when they are having a conversation. These rules apply whether you are speaking to someone of high or low status because egalitarianism is a very important Australian cultural value. This means Australians tend to relate to each other horizontally not vertically like in Indonesia, regardless of differences in age or status. In Australia showing too much deference to another person because of their status is almost a taboo. If you act like this you will make Australians feel very uncomfortable and embarrassed and if you keep acting in this way people may avoid you.

65. Voice Australians tend to speak rapidly and in a loud voice. But, they speak in a right tone, so people don’t get misunderstanding.

66. Conclusion Based on the materials we have discussed, we draw the following conclusion . Verbal communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another . Every country has different act of conveying their verbal and non-verbal communication. In the most of English speaking countries, they will express verbal communication in almost the same way. They do have different ways to express their non-verbal communication, but not that contrast. Even though, they have a contrast differences if we compare them with the Eastern culture.

67. Suggestion After we learn more about the verbal and non-verbal communication in Indonesia and English speaking countries, hopefully we can use that respect and treat others better and properly.