Cross sectional design

1. Marketing research Ms.Preeti Bajaj

2. Smart Scholars Rimpi Sinha Sarvani Prerana Ramiya Ivy Fabina

3. CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN It involves the collection of information from any given sample of population elements only once. Single cross sectional design only one sample of respondents is drawn from the target population information is obtained from this sample once. sample survey research designs ;

4. Multiple cross sectional designs : two or more samples of respondents information from each sample is obtained only once. information from different samples is obtained at different times over long intervals. comparison at the aggregate level but not at the individual respondent level.

5. Where you’ve seen them before Cross sectional studies can be found in everyday place Used for demographics information and analyses Mass media use cross sectional studies on current issues Newspaper articles

6. Advantages Uncovers relationships that can be studied further in experimental studies Researchers with different interests and models can often work with data from a single cross sectional study Using multivariate analyses allow researchers to obtain information on the influence of variables on one another

7. D isadvantages Cannot measure change in variables over time Inappropriate for demonstrating causal relationships Researchers have little to no control over environment Researchers may be unable to rule out alternative explanations Weak implementation can ruin a good design and produce poor data

8. Research on Internet H ealth C are Services ‘ Harris interactive’ a marketing research firm vise-a-vie consulting firm that conducts market research through internet. The research was done on 1000 US health care consumers at the age of 18. Facts of survey : A visit to the doctor’s office is not enough for most consumers . The average time a doctor spends with a patient has decreased to 15 minutes. It leads to overall reduction on interpersonal healthcare communication.

9. OUTCOME: Consumers are demanding various modes to consult their doctors. It may include face-to-face, online, and telephone feedback. Changes adopted by some organizations like : Kaiser Permanente a medical organization redesigned their website in 2003 . The website enables members to access medicine details and medical booklets , request appointments.

10. COHORT ANALYSIS Cohort analysis consists of a series of surveys conducted at appropriate time intervals, where cohort serves as the basis unit of analysis. C ohort refers to the group of respondents who experience the same event within the same time interval .

11. CASE STUDY Survey conducted on USA soft drink consumption People btw 8 to 19 yrs selected For next 30 yrs with interval of 10 yrs. Other age group was also selected (20-29,30-39,…..50+) FINDINGS With increasing age consumption of soft drink also increases….