CRUDE DRUG.pptx

Crude Drug Crude drugs are those substances which are obtained directly or indirectly from natural sources such as plants, animals minerals, marines and microorganisms as such they occur in nature and has undergone only the process of drying and size reduction. Different parts of the plants can be used as crude drug such as flower, fruit, leaf, root, bark, bud etc. Crude drug obtained from animal sources are musk from musk deer, shellac from lac insect, cantharidin, honey from honey bee, shark liver oil, cod liver oil etc.
Mineral origin such as talc, bentonite, kaolin, Fuller's earth etc.
Crude drug are categorized into organized and unorganized based on cellular and acellular structure.

1. CRUDE DRUG And its classification Prepared By: Miss Pranita Sunar

2. The term “ Crude Drug” means “ Products from natural origin such as plant, animal and mineral sources. Definition A crude drug is defined as a naturally occuring , untreated substance, derived directly from organic sources such as plants, animals and sometimes minerals, intended to cure, treat and prevent diseases in human or animals. Crude drug of natural origin can be divided into “organized” and “unorganized drugs” .

3. Difference between Organized and Unorganized Drugs Organized/ Cellular Unorganized/ Acellular Have cellular structure, obtained mostly from plant sources. Do not possess cellular structure, obtained indirectly from plant, animal or mineral sources. Are direct part of plants and animals like fruits, seeds, roots etc. Obtained from part of plant and animal by extraction, distillation, incision etc. Microscopical studies such as T.S/L.S are preeminent for such drugs. Microscopical studies are not required but physical constituents like density, viscosity, chemical test are necessary. Solid in nature. Solid, semi-solid, liquid in nature. Eg . Cinchona bark, sandalwood, digitalis leaves, clove bud etc., Eg . Lemon oil, resins, gums, opium latex etc.,

4. Classification of Crude Drugs Crude drugs are classified into following different ways: Alphabetical classification Taxonomical classification 3. Morphological classification 4. Pharmacological classification Chemical classification 6. Chemotaxonomical classification 7. Serotaxonomical classification

5. 1. Alphabetical classification Crude drugs are arranged in alphabetical order of their Latin and English names or sometimes local language names. Merits : a. Easy and quick. b. Location tracing and addition of drug entries is easy. Demerits : scientific nature of drug cannot be identified. Example : acacia, belladona , cinchona, digitalis, ephedra , fennel, gentian, hyoscyamus , ipecac, jalap, kurchi etc.,

6. 2. Taxonomical classification Crude drugs are classified according to their phylum, order, family, genus and species. Merits : Provides proper idea about species. Demerits : This system does not correlate in between the chemical constituent and bio activity of drugs. 3. Morphological classification Crude drugs are arranged according to morphological/external characters of plant/animal parts, i.e. organized drugs and unorganized drugs. Merits : a. helpful to identify adulteration. b. more convenient for practical study. Demerits : no correlation between chemical constituents and therapeutic actions.

7. 4. Pharmacological classification Crude drugs are classified according to pharmacological action of their main active constituent or their therapeutic uses. Merits : I t can be used for suggesting substitutes of drugs . Demerits : Drugs having different action on the body get classified separately in more than one group causing ambiguity and confusion. Example : a. Antimalarial : cinchona, artemisia b. Anticancer : vinca , taxus 5. Chemical classification Crude drugs are classified into different groups based on chemical nature of most important constituent present on them. Merits : Popular approach for phytochemical studies Demerits : confusion arise when particular drugs possess a number of compounds belonging to different groups of compounds. Example : Alkaloids- cinchona, datura , vinca .

8. 6. Chemotaxonomical classification The crude drugs are arranged based on the chemical similarity of various plants / chemical similarity of taxon . For example, tropane alkaloids generally occur among the members of Solanaceae . 7. Serotaxonomical classification It determines the degree of similarity between species, genera, family, etc., by comparing the reaction with antigens from various plant taxa with antibodies present against a given taxon .