cryogenic treatment of metals

crogenic heat trearment of metals

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By:By:
DEEPAK KUMAR SINGHDEEPAK KUMAR SINGH
Mechanical EngineeringMechanical Engineering
13013220231301322023
SEMINAR PERSENTATION SEMINAR PERSENTATION
ONON

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Content
Introduction
Cryogenics History
Process of cryogenic treatment
Application of cryogenic Treatment
Other application of crygenic treatment

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IntroductionIntroduction
““The word Cryogenics is derived from the Greek words The word Cryogenics is derived from the Greek words
'Kryos" (meaning cold) and "Genes" (meaning born). The 'Kryos" (meaning cold) and "Genes" (meaning born). The
word cryogenics literally means "the production of icy word cryogenics literally means "the production of icy
cold". cold".
Cryogenics is the study of how to attain low Cryogenics is the study of how to attain low
temperatures and how materials behave when these low temperatures and how materials behave when these low
temperatures are attained.temperatures are attained.
Cryogenics is defined as the branches of physics and Cryogenics is defined as the branches of physics and
engineering that study very low temperatures, how to engineering that study very low temperatures, how to
produce them, and how materials behave at those produce them, and how materials behave at those
temperatures. Cryogenics deals with low temperatures, temperatures. Cryogenics deals with low temperatures,
from about 100 Kelvin to absolute zero.from about 100 Kelvin to absolute zero.

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Cryogenic treatment is a one-time permanent Cryogenic treatment is a one-time permanent
treatment process and it affects the entire cross-treatment process and it affects the entire cross-
section of the material. Usually done at the end section of the material. Usually done at the end
of conventional heat treatment process but of conventional heat treatment process but
before tempering.before tempering.
The cryogenic processing is modification of a The cryogenic processing is modification of a
material or component using cryogenic material or component using cryogenic
temperatures. temperatures.
Cryogenic Treatment Cryogenic Treatment

5. Classification of cryogenic treatmentClassification of cryogenic treatment
Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT)-Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT)-
 Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCTDeep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT
Process of Heat Treatment sequenceProcess of Heat Treatment sequence
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6. Cryo-TreatmentCryo-Treatment
1) cooling of tool material from room
temperature, at an extremely slow rate
2)Shallow Cryogenic Treatment (SCT) for
3) Deep Cryo-genic Treatment (DCT) for
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Commonly used gases, in their liquid form, are Commonly used gases, in their liquid form, are
nitrogen and helium. These are the common nitrogen and helium. These are the common
cryogenic liquids.cryogenic liquids.
Liquid Helium and Nitrogen are usually stored in Liquid Helium and Nitrogen are usually stored in
vacuum insulated flasks called Dewars.vacuum insulated flasks called Dewars.
NitrogenNitrogen
Nitrogen condenses at -195.8 C (77.36 Kelvin) and Nitrogen condenses at -195.8 C (77.36 Kelvin) and
freezes at -209.86 C (63.17 Kelvin). Liquid freezes at -209.86 C (63.17 Kelvin). Liquid
nitrogen is used in many cooling systems.nitrogen is used in many cooling systems.
HeliumHelium
Helium boils at -268.93 C (4.2 Kelvin) and does not Helium boils at -268.93 C (4.2 Kelvin) and does not
freeze at atmospheric pressurefreeze at atmospheric pressure
How to Achieve low TemperatureHow to Achieve low Temperature
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9. ADVANTAGE OF CRYOGENIC ADVANTAGE OF CRYOGENIC
TREATMEANT OF STEELSTREATMEANT OF STEELS
Cutting tools for different machining operations: sawing, Cutting tools for different machining operations: sawing,
milling, drilling, broaching, turning, shearingmilling, drilling, broaching, turning, shearing
Metal forming tools: dies, molds, punches Metal forming tools: dies, molds, punches
High precision parts: gauge, guide, shaftsHigh precision parts: gauge, guide, shafts
Parts of high performance (sport) car engines and Parts of high performance (sport) car engines and
transmissions: crankshafts connecting rods piston rings, transmissions: crankshafts connecting rods piston rings,
engine block, gear parts, camshaftsengine block, gear parts, camshafts
Some practical Advantages:-Some practical Advantages:-
Delayed purchase of new toolingDelayed purchase of new tooling
Decreased resharpen and reworkDecreased resharpen and rework
Less scheduled down time to change toolingLess scheduled down time to change tooling
 lower labor cost lower labor cost
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