CSD PRESENTATION, connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, virtual LANs.pptx

In this presentation there is huge amount of information about related topics connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, virtual LANs connecting devices , Bus Backbone, star Backbone, connecting remote LANs

1. Chapter 15 Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, and Virtual LANs Presented By: JEHANZEB BULEDI Roll No: CS-E20-026

2. 15-1 CONNECTING DEVICES In this section, we divide connecting devices into five different categories based on the layer in which they operate in a network. Passive Hubs Active Hubs Bridges Two-Layer Switches Routers Topics discussed in this section:

3. Five categories of connecting devices

4. Passive Hub It works below the physical layer. It is just connecting point where computers are connected together collision of wires. Also called collision point.

5. Repeater A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do no amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength.

6. A repeater connecting two segments of a LAN

7. A repeater forwards every frame; it has no filtering capability. Note

8. A repeater is a regenerator, not an amplifier. (same signal strength, bit for bit copy) Note

9. Function of a repeater

10. A hierarchy of hubs

11. Bridge A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol.

12. A bridge connecting two LANs

13. A bridge checks MAC addresses. It has a table used in filtering decisions (Forward? Drop?). The table shows the map between MAC addresses and ports. Note

14. A learning bridge and the process of learning

15. Routers Router is mainly Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets.

16. Routers (three-layer switch) connecting independent LANs and WANs

17. 15-2 BACKBONE NETWORKS A backbone network allows several LANs to be connected. In a backbone network, no station is directly connected to the backbone; the stations are part of a LAN, and the backbone connects the LANs. Bus Backbone Star Backbone Connecting Remote LANs Topics discussed in this section:

18. Bus backbone

19. In a bus backbone, the topology of the backbone is a bus. Note

20. Star backbone

21. In a star backbone, the topology of the backbone is a star; the backbone is just one switch. Note

22. Connecting remote LANs with bridges Mostly used in Banking sectors.(Intra network)

23. 15-3 VIRTUAL LANs I can roughly define a virtual local area network (VLAN) as a local area network configured by software, not by physical wiring. Membership Communication between Switches Advantages Topics discussed in this section:

24. A switch connecting three LANs Physical wiring makes it hard to d ynamically change group allocation

25. A switch using VLAN software

26. Two switches in a backbone using VLAN software Good for a company with two separate buildings

27. VLAN: Membership Switch port Numbers MAC Address IP Address

28. VLAN: Advantages Cost and time reduction Creating Virtual Work Groups Security Separation of broadcast messages

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