CT scanner

CT scanner presentation.

by: M.Ovais.Ur.Rehman

1. CT scanner

2. Biomedical Engineering System Dedicated to: Sir Fahad Akbar Ali. From: Muhammad Ovais Ur Rehman 2011/BM/20 Fb : www.facebook.com/muhammad.ovais.56

3. Room With CT Scanner

4. Console Room

5. Introduction Tomography is from the Greek word " tomos " meaning "slice" and “graph” meaning "describing". . CT was invented in 1972 by British engineer Godfrey Hounsfield of EMI Laboratories . The first clinical CT scanners were installed between 1974 and 1976 .

6. It combines the use of a digital computer together with a rotating x-ray device to create detailed cross sectional images or "slices" of the different organs and body parts such as the lungs, liver, kidneys, pancreas, pelvis, etc. CT Scan has the unique ability to image a combination of soft tissue, bone, and blood vessels. For example, conventional x-ray imaging of the head can only show the dense bone structures of the skull .

7. Diagram showing relationship of x-ray tube, patient, detector, and image reconstruction computer and display monitor

8. Generations Of CT Scanner First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation

9. First Generation: Pencil-Beam Geometry. In the first CT scanner design, a single X-ray source and a single X-ray detector cell collect all the data for a single slice. The x–ray head and detector were rotated at arc of 180°.

10. Second Generation: Fan Beam, Multiple Detectors A fan–shaped x–ray beam was projected onto a linear array of approximately 30 detectors. The x–ray head and detectors could rotate 180° around the patient. The time required for a scan was reduced to less than 90 seconds.

11. Third Generation: Fan Beam, Rotating Detectors A wider fan–shaped x–ray beam and a curved array of 250–750 detectors. Scan times reduced to less than 12 seconds. The single detector array made third generation scanners generate ring artifacts.

12. Fourth Generation: Fan Beam, Fixed Detectors A single projection fan–shaped x–ray beam and 600–2000 stationary detectors. The x–ray head rotates more than 360 degrees around the patient. The detectors are fixed in a circular ring around the patient and x–ray head. Alignment of the x–ray beam to each detector is essential.

13. Fifth Generation: Scanning Electron Beam Fifth-generation scanners are unique in that the x-ray source becomes an integral part of the system design. The detector array remains stationary, while a high-energy electron beams is electronically swept along a semicircular tungsten strip anode. This machine is a research prototype and is not available commercially. Volume CT images can be produced in as little as 10 ms.

14. PARTS OF CT: Gantry DAS Computer Storage

15. Gantry The Gantry includes the: The X-ray tube The Detector Array The High-Voltage generator The patient Support Couch

16. DAS (data acquizition system) DETECTORS CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERTERS PRE AMPLIFIER INTEGRATOR ADC To computer world

17. COMPUTER: It involve processing STORAGE: It can be film, CD, Hard Disk, etc.

18. Application Of CT Imaging CT imaging is used for studying the chest, abdomen and pelvis because it provides detailed, cross-sectional views of all types of tissue. CT imaging detect many different cancers, including lung, liver and pancreatic cancer and the tumors of brain and head. Since the image allows a physician to confirm the presence of a tumor and measure its size, precise location and the extent of the tumor's involvement with other nearby tissue.

19. Benefits Of CT Imaging CT scanning is painless, noninvasive and accurate. A major advantage of CT is its ability to image bone , soft tissue and blood vessels all at the same time. Unlike conventional x-rays, CT scanning provides very detailed images of many types of tissue as well as the lungs, bones, and blood vessels.

20. Inside Gantry

21. Manufacturer: Toshiba Model: Aquilion

22. Thank you