cultivation of cabbage.pptx

edjchhfj

1. Bioved Research Institute of Agriculture , Technology And Sciences Mohrab , Ramvan Gaman Road,Bhagotipur Srigverpur , Prayagraj (U.P)

2. Botanical Name : – Brassica oleracea var. capitata Family : Brasicaceae or Cruciferae Origin : Mediterranean Region Chromosome No. : 2n= 18 Edible part – Head Fruit type- Silicua Common Name- Patta Gobhi Note- The edible portion is made up of numerous thick overlapping smooth leaves covering a terminal bud, known as “ head ”. Flavours in cabbage leaves is due to glucoside sinigrin . Red cabbage is rich source of anthocynin pigment.

3. Area and production India is the third largest cabbage producer in the world. It is mainly grown in the states like Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Bihar, Assam, West Bengal, Maharashtra and Karnataka in the country. India :- Area -3.31 lakhs Ha. Production- 72.81 lakhs tons. Gujarat – Area 25.6 thousand ha and production 4.74 lakhs Tons. Productivity of 24.88 t/ha. Nutritive Value Cabbage leaves are low in calories (27 per cent), fat (0.1 per cent) and carbohydrates (4.6 per cent). It is good sources of protein (1.3 per cent) which contains all essential amino acids, particularly sulphur containing amino acids. The presence of 2-propenyl isothiocyanate in both white and red cabbage and 3-butenyl isothiocynate in red cabbage has also been reported.

4. Varieties grouped according to shape of head Round head or Ball head type Var. Golden Acre, Pride of India, Copenhagen Market and Mammoth Rock Red. 2. Flat head or drum head type Var. Pusa Drum Head 3. Conical head type Var. Jersy Wakefield 4. Savoy type Var. Chieftain Varieties :- Early: ready to harvest within 60-70 DAT. Golden acre, Pride of India, Copenhagen Market, Early Drumhead. Mid season: ready to harvest within 80-90 DAT. All head early, September, Pusa Ageti Late season: ready to harvest within 90-120 DAT. Pusa Drumhead, Danish Ball Head, Sri Ganesh

5. Climate Cool season crop. Tolerant to frost. Optimum temperature required for growth and development is 15-22ᵒC. Optimum temperature for seed germination 22-26 ᵒ C. Soil Cabbage can be grown in wide range of sandy to heavy soils. Early cultivars grow well in light soils, whereas, maturing ones perform better on heavy soils. However, well drained soils give larger yields. The optimum pH of soil for cabbage cultivation is between 6.0-6.5.

6. Sowing time For plains:- Hills :- Especially, in high hills, seeds are sown in May - June for summer / autumn crop. Seed Rate, Methods of Sowing About 400-600 g/ha seed is required. Cabbage is a transplanted crop. The seeds are sown in a seedbed. For planting one hectare 200-300 m ² area required Crops Seed sowing Transplanting Spacing Early crops- July- August Aug- sep 45 x 45cm , 60 x 30 cm, Late crops- Oct- Nov. Nov- Dec. 60 x 45 cm Mid September October 60 x 60 cm

7. Manure and fertilizers Intercultural Operations Weeding :- Two three manual weddings are required. The herbicides like Trifluralin @ 0.5 kg/ha (soil incorporation) and Fluchloralin @ 0.5 kg/ha (soil incorporation) can be used for weed control in cabbage. Irrigation :- Cabbage is very sensitive to soil moisture. First irrigation is given just after transplanting of seedlings. irrigation may be done at 10-15 days interval according to season and soil conditions. Manure Fertilizer FYM Ton/Ha Nitrogen (N )Kg/ha Phosphorus (P) Kg/Ha Potash (K) Kg/Ha 15-20 120-180 50-60 50-60

8. Harvesting The harvesting of cabbage is done when the heads reach at marketable size. The early cultivars take 60-80 days, medium 80-100 days and alter 100-130 days for harvesting after transplanting. Yield The yield of early cabbage variety ranges between 300-400 q/ha, whereas, medium and late cabbage 400-600 q/ha in northern plain. Storage Cabbage can be stored at 0 ᵒC and 90-95 per cent RH for about 2 to 8 months

9. Bolting (Premature seedling in cabbage) The production of seed stalks before the formation of heads or the failure of the leaves to form a solid heads. It is very common defects in early cabbage. Factors causes of premature : Early sowing of seeds (possibility of hot weather) A warm winter (Season is not cool at growing period) Extreme change in temperature. Poor seed varieties. Check of the growth of plants in seed bed.

10. Diseases and Pests Downy Mildew ( Perenospora parasitica ), Spray combination of Metalaxyl + Mancozeb 2 g/lit 3 sprays at 10 days interval Black Spot ( Alternaria brassicae ). Spraying of Mancozeb at 2 g/lit or Carbendazim 1 g/lit. Black Leg ( Phoma lingam ), Spraying of Mancozeb @ 2.5 g/ litre Black Rot ( Xanthomonas capestris ), Two sprays with 2g/lit Copper oxychloride + Streptomycin 100 ppm after planting and head formation Club Root ( Plasmodiophora brassicae ), Dipping the seedlings in Carbendazim solution (1 – 2 g/lit) for 2 minutes Pests Mustard Sawfly ( Althalia lugens ) Mustard Aphids ( Lipaphis erysimi ), Spray neem oil 3 % or dimethoate 2 ml/lit with 0.5 ml Teepol /lit . Diamond Back Moth ( Plutella xylostella L .), Spraying of cartap hydrochloride 1 g/lit or Bacillus thuringiensis 2 g/lit at primordial stage (ETL 2 larvae/plant ). And intercropping ratio cabbage with mustard 20:1 Cut worms( Agrotis segetum ), apply chlorpyriphos 2 ml/lit

11. Downy mildew Black Spot Black leg Black Rot Club Rot Dimond Back Moth Aphid Cut worms