cultivation practices of CHERRY PPT .pptx

cherry production in india

1. SGT UNIVERSITY, GURUGRAM TOPIC : CHERRIES PRODUCTION SUB TROPICAL FRUIT PRODUCTION FSC 502 SUBMITTED TO: DR. RAJESH MOR SUBMITTED BY: RAKHI ( 241104004)

2. INTRODUCTION Cherries are on of the most important deciduous fruit trees as well as ornamental crop worldwide.

3. General information Botanically, the Cherry is a Drupe or Stone fruit. It packed with healthy nutrients and antioxidants. Due to higher return, it’s cultivation is gaining popularity day by day in temperate regions of the country.

4. Growing region Basically Cherries are native to Europe & Asia regions. Cherries are cultivated all over the world & the top 3 producers of cherry are Turkey, U.S.A & Iran. India ranked 25th and 31st in terms of area harvested and production of cherry;. During 2020-21, India exported fruits worth ` 4,971.22 crores/ 674.53 USD Millions (APEDA, Agriexchange , 2021) In India-Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir and UP are famous for Cherry production.

5. Trend Analysis of Cherry Cultivation DOI: 10.30954/2394-8159.02.2022.4 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363477419_Trend_Analysis_of_Cherry_Cultivation Diksha Bali1*, Parul Barwal1, Ravinder Sharma2, Akshay Deep1 and Parveen Kashyap

6. Propagation method Propagation of Cherry is done through Seeds or by Root cuttings. Cherry tree are propagated mainly through grafting method. I n temperate climates, in plant nurseries, cherry trees are grafted by applying bench grafting or a specialized type of grafting called chip budding .

7. Effect of different methods and time of budding on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) nursery plants Conclusion The current research indicates that by considering the potential for budding success, chip budding showed good bud success rate during 30th May. Pooja K, Neena C and Sajan S https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2021/vol10issue2/PartS/10-2-301-522.pdf Received: 04-01-2021 Accepted: 06-02-2021

8. CLIMATE AND SOIL Climate : Cherry grows in cold region.1200-1500 hours of chilling period is required. It grows successfully at the height of 2500 meter or above the sea level. Rainfall : An annual rainfall of 100-125 cm is required for better growth. Spring frost should be avoided as the cherry blossom is sensitive to frost. Soil : Deep sandy soil with pH range 6.0-7.5.A well drained fertile soil with moisture holding capacity is better for cherry cultivation. Make sure about internal well drainage of soil & Heavy soil should be avoided. Cold Climatic Annual Rainfall : 100-125 cm. Deep Sandy Soil pH range of soil : 6.0-7.5

9. Land Preparation and Planting In India, planting time for Cherry is December to January. Contour system is popular in Hilly region & Square system is practiced in Valley region. Spacing of plant depends on rootstock. However, a spacing of 6x6 meter is preferred for plants raised in seedlings. Pit size of 1x1x1m is dug and filled them with 45 kg FYM & 500 gm of Phosphate 28 days before planting .

10. Major type/ varieties of cherry There are more than 100 varieties of sweet Cherries that are divided into Bigarreau and Heart groups. Bigarreau Group: under this group, cherries are round in shape and generally the colour varries from dark to light red. The promising hybrid varieties in this group are lapins , summit, sue, ssam , sunburst & stella. Heart Group: Under this group, cherry fruits are in heart shape with tender flesh. Fruit colour varried from darkish red to light coloured reddish. Heart Group & Bigarreau Group

11. Varieties in India

12. IMPORTANT ROOTSTOCK Mazzard (P. avium ). It has good compatibility with almost all commercial sweet cherry varieties and is cold-hardy. Mahaleb ( P. mahaleb ). It is usually chosen due to its drought-tolerance. Gisela 5, Gisela 6 ( P. cerasus  x  P. canescens ), Gisela 12 ( P. cerasus  x  P. canescens ). All 3 give small cherry trees up to 8 feet tall. There may need support, especially in areas exposed to very strong winds. Sweet cherry varieties grafted on Gisela 5 and 6 rootstock can start yielding already from the 3rd year. They are a bit less tolerant to bacterial canker than Mazzard, while they present various levels of tolerance to Prune dwarf virus (PDV) and prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV). Colt (P. avium x  P. pseudocerasus ). It is best for standard-density orchards. It gives vigorous trees that need irrigation since they are relatively sensitive to droughty soils and cold winter temperatures. However, it is preferred in California due to its resistance to cherry stem pitting virus disease,  Phytophthora  root rot, and bacterial canker.  F 12/1 ( P. avium ). Sometimes it is used instead of Mazzard because it is more resistant to bacterial canker.  Maxma 14 ( P. mahale b x  P. avium ). It is widely used in France. It is resilient to calcareous soils and iron deficiency. It is not very suitable for super high-density plantations.  Krymsk 5 or VSL 2 ( P. fruticosa  x  P. lannesiana ), semi-dwarfing rootstock, adapted to a wide range of soils (even in heavy soils) and cold climates Krymsk 6 or LC 52 (( P. cerasus  x ( P. cerasus  x  P. maackii )). It has the advantages of the previous one but gives a tree 75-80% smaller in size. Both Krymsk is sensitive to the PDV and PNRSV viruses. 

13. POLLINATION M ost popular sweet cherry varieties are not self-fertile , cross-pollination is required between compatible varieties with the help of pollinators (e.g., honeybees). On the other hand, most sour or tart cherry varieties are self-fertile (e.g., North Star, Balaton, Meteor, Montmorency, English Morello, Early Richmond, Nanking, and Hansen Bush Cherry). Experienced cherry growers claim that bees are the best insects for this because they can facilitate the cross-pollination of cherry trees.  Cross-fruitful (incompatible varieties) of sweet cherries are: Bing, Lambert, Royal Ann/Napoleon.  Self-fruitful sweet cherry varieties (universal pollinator) are: Index, Lapins, Skeena, Sweetheart, Sonata, Symphony, Sunburst, BlackGold , WhiteGold , Stella, Van, Rainier, and Bing. Due to unsynchronised flowering, one pollinating variety usually doesn’t ensure cross-pollination. Therefore, it is always recommended to take blooming time into consideration and use two or even three pollinating varieties (usually one early flowering and one late flowering variety).

14. Health benefit

15. Irrigation In India, Cherry is grown under rainfed condition. It requires sufficient amount of water specially at the time of fruit development. In developing stage, it need to be irrigated at weekly interval for better fruit quality and size. Irrigation should be done at hot weather condition (Apr-May ). Drip irrigation is appropriate for water management practice.

16. Manure and fertilizers Cherry Plants require good organic and In-organic fertilizer for quality fruit set. FYM, Calcium ammonium Nitrate, Super Phosphate & MOP are effective for cherry. The result of applying cherry tree fertilizer heavy in nitrogen is more foliage growth. The amount of fertilizer to apply depends on the age of tree. Apply 1/10 pound of nitrogen for every year of tree age, up to a maximum of one pound. (All the amount are shown on table are gram unit per plant).

17. Physiological disorder   Cherry Splitting : it is the absorption of the water through the fruit cuticle. This occurs as the cherry nears ripening. At this time there is a greater accumulation of sugars in the fruit and if it is exposed to long periods of rain, dew or high humidity, the cuticle absorbs the water, resulting in split cherry fruit. Simply put, the cuticle, or outer layer of the fruit, can no longer contain the increasing sugar amount combined with the absorbed water and it just bursts. Spray calcium chloride at per 100 litre water or GA3 at 20 ppm or NAA 10 ppm at 25-30 days before harvest checks fruit cracking. Physiological disorders of Cherry

18. Cherry Tree Diseases, Pests

19. Brown Rot , Powdery Mildew, Cherry Leaf Spot, Black Cherry Aphid

20. Weed Management Basin should be kept clean by Hand or Chemical weeding. Diuron 4kg/ha can be applied as pre-emergence controller & Paraquat 0.05% can be applied to control the post emergence growth of weeds. It may need multiple application to control the weed growth for 5-6 months. Mulching also effectively controls the weed growth.

21. HARVESTING OF CHERRY When the fruit is ready, it will be firm and fully colored. Sour cherries will come off the stem when they are ripe enough to be harvested, while sweet cherries should be tasted for maturity. Cherries will not ripen once removed from the tree. Harvest as quickly as possible if rain is imminent, as rain will cause the cherries to split. Harvest cherries with the stem attached if you are not planning on using them right away.

22. Yield The yield amount is variable. It depends on Rootstock, Plant breed & climate-soil etc. Approximately we can get average of 20kg/tree. Storage: Cherries can be stored at cool temperatures (32-35 degrees F. or 0-2 degrees C.) for 10 days. Place them in perforated plastic bags in the refrigerator.