Cultural norms pp 2015

Culture

1. Defining Culture and Cultural Norms

2. Learning Outcomes SC.4.A. Define the terms “culture” and “cultural norms”.

3. Warm-Up Give a definition of culture in your own words. What aspects does it include? Give a definition of cultural norms in your own words. What cultural norms are present in your life?

4. Your Task 1. Read the excerpt from the I.B. Psychology Text. 2. Provide definitions for culture from… Kuschel (2004) Lonner (1995) Hofstede (2002) Matsumoto (2004) 3. Define Cultural Norm

5. Questions to Consider about Culture What new ideas about culture do these definitions give you? Do you agree with them? What similarities do you see between the different definitions? What differences? Which definition of culture is most accurate?

6. Cultural Dimensions

7. Learning Outcomes SC.4.B . Examine the role of two cultural dimensions on behavior.

8. Cultural Dimensions The perspectives of a culture based on values and cultural norms.

9. Hoefstede (1973) Conducted a massive survey about morale in the workplace at IBM (Multinational Corporation). Examined responses from 40 different countries. Theorized that six main cultural dimensions exist.

10. Warm-Up Activity Compare and contrast your ranking on the six spectrums with those at your table group. What similarities and differences do you notice? What might explain these similarities and differences? Be specific. Now, visit http ://geert-hofstede.com/ countries.html and compare your results with the culture(s) you feel as though you most closely belong to. How do you compare? Do you think that Hofstede has an accurate ranking of your culture(s)?

11. Individualism/Collectivism Kashima and Triandis (1986) Aim : To see if errors of attribution were universal. Methos : Asked students from different cultures to try to remember information from slides of unfamiliar countries. Asked for reports on their performance. Findings: American Students (Individualism): Success attributed to ability. Japanese Students (Collectivism): Failure Attributed to ability. Conclusion: Self-Serving Bias is culturally based.

12. Individualism/Collectivism Bond & Smith (1996) Aim: To investigate the cultural impact on conformity. Method: Conducted a Meta-Analysis (Looked at other studies) of Asch replications in different cultures. Findings/Conclusions: Collectivist Cultures generally display higher rates of conformity than individualist cultures.

13. Long-Term/Short-Term Chen et al. (2005) Aim: Discover if cultural dimensions impact patience. Procedure: 147 “bicultural” Singaporeans were either shown a collage of images of Singaporean or American Photos . Asked to purchase a book online and choose delivery method. Finding: US-Primed: Immediate consumption (next day delivery for a fee) Singaporean Primed: Patience (4-day delivery for free) Conclusion: US-Primed (short-term) valued immediate consumption more than Singaporean-Primed participants (long-term). Evaluation?

14. Kim and Markus (1999) Using the PDF posted on Bonicapsych.weebly.com , record the Aim, Method, Findings, Conclusion, and Critical Thinking for Kim and Markus (1999). Be sure to evaluate the graph which clearly indicates the results. The goal of this is to familiarize yourself with the way a scientific journal is written. This is a short example that will show you the different elements which must be included when writing a journal. It will also prepare you for you IA.

15. Emic & Etic Research

16. Warm-Up What similarities and differences did you see in the Cultural Dimensions of Namibia, The United States, and Japan?

17. Learning Outcome SC.4.C. Using one or more examples, explain “emic” and “etic” concepts.

18. Cross Cultural Psychology Cross Cultural Psychology is a branch of Psychology that looks at how cultural factors influence human behavior. Goal: Test the validity of psychological theories in different culture. (Is psychology universal?) Two Concepts: Emic vs. Etic

19. Emic Studies one culture alone to understand culture-specific behavior. Studies behavior through the perspective of the people who live in the culture. How behavior is linked to the culture and the meaning it has in the culture is emphasized. Example: Turnbull (1961)  Understanding perception of BaMbuti Pygmies.

20. Emic Study Example Bartlett (1932) – Swazi Tribesman’s Memory Described the ability for Swazi Tribesmen to remember huge amounts of information about his current and past cattle. Emic because this information was pertinent and essential to the culture that the man was living in….Specific to a single culture.

21. Etic Etic research compares psychological phenomena across cultures with the goal of finding out if they are universal or culture-specific. Compares and contrasts behaviors in a culture. What studies classify as etic that we have looked at so far?

22. Etic Example- Berry (1967) Used variation of Asch study to study conformity in two separate communities Communal Farmers from Temne Sierra Leone Inuit Hunters from Baffin Island Canada Famers showed more conformity because they needed to rely on one another and cooperation was essential. Hunters needed to think for themselves.

23. Emic vs. Etic Emic Etic Focuses on one culture and looks for culturally specific behaviors. Looking for “Culturally Specific Behavior” Emphasizes uniqueness of cultures . Seeks an inside perspective. Compares psychological theories across cultures. Looking for “Universal Behaviors” Emphasizes similarities and differences between culture. Brings outside perspective

24. Our Task What challenges could exist with emic and etic studies of culture?

25. “Babies” As we watch this documentary, you will watch for emic and etic concepts related to the behaviors associated with child rearing in different cultures. What etic comparisons can we make? What emic conclusions about these cultures can we make? Can we make them?