CULTURE AND ASSESSMENT POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

A strong organizational culture can boost workplace productivity, collaboration and satisfaction—but, even with these well-researched and significant benefits, many professionals and leaders overlook the importance of culture within their own organization. While some professionals conceptualize culture as inconsequential, it can produce tangible results. If you're an organizational stakeholder seeking methods to understand culture and evaluate how it operates within your workplace, you may consider conducting a cultural assessment.
In this article, we outline what a cultural assessment is, types of cultural assessments, their principles, how to conduct your own cultural assessment and tips for successfully implementing cultural changes.

1. ASSESSMENT
CULTURE AND
BY GROUP 2

2. CULTURE
“The socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of
work of a particular population, community, or group of people”
EVOLVING INTEREST IN CULTURE - RELATED ISSUES
Alfred Binet - introduced intelligence testing in France, the U.S. Public
Health Service began using such tests.
Henry H. Goddard - the chief researcher, highly instrumental in getting
Binet’s test adopted for use in various settings in the United States.
Goddard’s research, fueled the fires of an ongoing nature - nurture
debate about what intelligence tests actually measure.

3. Mental Tests and the Immigrant
Goddard conducted a mental test and found
most immigrants from various nationalities to
be mentally deficient when tested.
In one widely quoted report, 35 Jews,
22 Hungarians, 50 Italians, and 45
Russians were selected for testing.

4. Mental Tests and the Immigrant
83% of the Jews, 80% of the Hungarians, 79% of
the Italians, and 87% of the Russians were
feebleminded.
He did not conclude that these test findings
were the result of hereditary. Rather, the
findings were due to “hereditary defect” or
“apparent defect due to deprivation”

5. THE CONTROVERSIAL CAREER OF HENRY HERBERT
GODDARD
Was the fifth and youngest child born to farmer
Henry Clay Goddard and Sarah Winslow Goddard.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:
Attended boarding school at Oak Grove Seminary in Maine
and the Friends school in Providence, Rhode Island.
Goddard returned to Haverford in 1889 to earn a master’s
degree in mathematics and took a position at a small
Quaker school in Ohio.
Goddard enrolled to study psychology at Clark
University.
By 1899 he had earned a doctorate under G. Stanley Hall.
Wrote “The effects of Mind on Body as Evidenced in
Faith Cures” as his doctoral dissertation.

6. CAREER BACKGROUND
GODDARD BECAME A PROFESSOR AT THE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL IN WEST
CHESTER, PENNSYLVANIA
GODDARD AND EDWARD JOHNSTONE, ALONG WITH EDUCATOR EARL BARNES,
FOUNDED A “FEEBLEMINDED CLUB”
JOHNSTONE CREATED THE POSITION OF DIRECTOR OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
RESEARCH AT THE VINELAND FACILITY AND SO GODDARD MOVED TO NEW JERSEY
GODDARD'S EUROPEAN TOUR IN 1908 LED TO HIS DISCOVERY OF THE BINET-
SIMON SCALE THROUGH OVIDE DECROLY.
GODDARD PLAYED A PIVOTAL ROLE IN TRANSLATING AND DISTRIBUTING BINET'S
TEST, WHICH BECAME WIDELY USED IN EDUCATION, HEALTHCARE, MILITARY,
AND LEGAL SETTINGS, MARKING A MAJOR ADVANCEMENT IN PSYCHOLOGICAL
TESTING PRACTICES

7. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM AND TERMINOLOGY
Goddard devised a system of classifying assesses by their performance
on the test, including coining the term 'moron' and other such terms that
are now outdated and not used.
Davenport was a staunch advocate of eugenics, the science of
improving the qualities of a breed.
The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness.
Goddard sought to prove how the hereditary “menace of feeble-
mindedness” is manifested.
Goddard classified "feeble-mindedness" as a hereditary condition
characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and an inability to
adapt to societal norms and expectations.
Goddard and Davenport collected data, arguing that mental
deficiency was caused by a recessive gene and could be inherited.

8. CRITIQUE OF STUDIES AND GODDARD'S INFLUENCE
Myerson reanalyzed inherited condition studies,
criticizing Goddard for unfounded generalizations.
Goddard's work on feeblemindedness supported radical
eugenic arguments like sterilization and immigration
restriction.
CAREER OVERVIEW
After years at Vineland, Goddard directed the Ohio Bureau
of Juvenile Research and later taught psychology at Ohio
State University.
Moved to Santa Barbara, where he passed away; interred at
Vineland alongside his wife.

9. CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPACT
Advocated for special education laws and introduced Binet's IQ test in
the U.S., influencing future research.
Supported intelligence test data in courts and military screening during
World War I.
CONTROVERSIES AND CRITICISM
Goddard's advocacy for eugenics and intelligence testing at Ellis
Island led to misclassification and repatriation.
Criticized posthumously for supporting segregation and
sterilization, ideas later misused by groups like the Nazis.
LEGACY AND REFLECTION
Despite contributions to psychology, Goddard's methodologies and ethical
stances are debated and criticized.
Zenderland's biography suggests he was a product of his time, cautioning
against hasty judgments on scientific motives.

10. The examiner and the examinee must speak the same language.
If a test is in written
form and has written
instruction, the test
taker must be able to
read, understand,
and comprehend it.
When conducted with the aid of
translator or interpreter, subtle
nuances of meaning may be lost in
the process, or unintentional hints to
a more desirable answer may be
conveyed.

11. early intelligence tests were initially developed without
consideration for racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, or cultural diversity
- SPECIFICCULTURE
Tests Tests
tests designed for use with people from one culture but
not from another.
Stanford-
Binet 1937
Revision
Wechsler-
Bellevue
Intelligence
Scale
When tests were administered to
individuals from different cultures
than those for which they were
designed, it often led to lower scores
for racially, ethnically,
socioeconomically, or culturally
diverse test-takers.

12. refers to the transmission of messages or signals through facial
expressions, gestures, body language, and eye contact. It plays a
crucial role in understanding emotions, attitudes, and intentions beyon
verbal expressions.
Examples:
Facial Expression
Body Language
Eye Contact

13. (typically associated with the dominant culture in countries such as the United States and Great Britain)
-is characterized by value being placed on traits such as self-
reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and
competitiveness.
(typically associated with the dominant culture in many countries throughout Asia, Latin America and Africa),
value is placed on traits such as conformity,
cooperation, interdependence, and striving toward group goals.

14. MEET DR. NEIL KRISHAN
AGGARWAL
Dr. Neil Krishan Aggarwal is an Assistant
Professor of Clinical Psychiatry at Columbia
University (C.U.), a Research Psychiatrist at
the New York State Psychiatric Institute
(N.Y.S.P.I.), and a psychiatrist in private
practice.
He emphasizes cultural assessment in
mental health, which affects patients'
distress narratives, symptom patterns, and
care perceptions.

15. MEET DR. NEIL KRISHAN
AGGARWAL
To enhance cultural competence, Dr.
Aggarwal uses the DSM-5 Cultural
Formulation Interview (CFI), a 16-question
tool addressing illness explanations,
social stressors, cultural identity, and
treatment expectations. The CFI helps
avoid stereotypes and focuses on
individual cultural identities, and is
endorsed by the American Psychiatric
Association.

16. MEET DR. NEIL KRISHAN
AGGARWAL
Clinical Insights: CFI responses reveal how culture influences a
patient's narrative of illness and their preferences for healers and
treatments.
Time Efficiency: The CFI takes 15 to 20 minutes, suitable for initial
intake sessions, providing essential information efficiently.
Versatility: Various versions of the CFI cater to different
populations (informants, children, adolescents, older adults,
immigrants) and aspects like functioning and cultural identity.
Diagnostic Aid: Helps clinicians align diagnoses with patient
experiences, especially when symptoms deviate from standard
DSM criteria.
Treatment Planning: Informs tailored treatment plans by
identifying acceptable treatments and avoiding ineffective
approaches based on individual predispositions and therapeutic
history.

17. Tests and Group Membership
What happens when groups systematically differ in terms of scores on a
particular test? - Conflict
- discrimination
affirmative action
- “level the playing field”
refers to voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by federal, state, and
local governments, private employers, and schools to combat
discrimination and to promote equal opportunity for all in education and
employment

18. PSYCHOLOGY, TESTS, AND PUBLIC POLICY
• Psychological testing is
frequently employed in research
and practical settings to improve
human welfare.
• The common usage of
psychological testing is
frequently unknown to the
general public.
• Prominent settings frequently
present exams as instruments
that can have a big influence on
someone's life.
• People may believe that tests
are instruments used to deny
them access to opportunities for
school, employment, parole, and
custody, among other things.
• Members of the public
demand that government
policymakers defend them
against alleged threats.
The general public is concerned
about assessment-related legal
and ethical issues.