Culture and civilisation

In this presentation more emphasis is laid on how culture and civilization helps in the better development of human beings. As certain values and morals human being grasp through his or her culture. Education further plays important role in the learning of such values. 'Culture is what we are' and 'civilization is what we have'.

1. Culture and Civilisation Name: Rohani Jamwal

2. Culture

3. Meaning Culture is a unique possession of man. It is one of the distinguishing traits of human society. Only man is born & brought up in a cultural environment. Culture is the set of knowledge, experiences & behaviours which is commonly shared by a group of people. It includes art, belief, customs, traditions, morals, values & so on which are inherited by a person as a member of society.

4. Definitions C.C. North,”culture consists in the instruments constituted by man to assist him in satisfying his wants”. Robert Bierstedt,” culture is the complex whole that consists of all the ways we think and do and everything we have as members of society”.

5. Characteristics Culture is learnt Culture is social Culture is shared Culture is transmissive Culture is continuous & cumulative Culture is consistent & integrated Culture is dynamic & adaptive Culture is gratifying Culture varies from society to society Culture is superorganic & ideational

6. Civilisation

7. Meaning The refers to all the attainments characteristics of human life in an organised city. It indicates a particular stage in the evolution of man. Civilisation refers to those devices & instruments by which nature is controlled. It is thus external, utilitarian & concerned with the means. We need the products of civilisation not for their own sake but for the satisfaction of our wants.

8. Definitions Gillin and Gillin civilisation is a more complex and evolved form of culture. Kant used the term civilisation to mean outward behaviour of man.

9. Continue.... Cities The first civilizations developed in river valleys where people could carry on the large scale farming that was needed to feed a large population. As food become abundant more people would live in the city.

10. Continue.... Writing Writing was an important feature in the life of these new civilisations. Above all rulers, priests, merchants and artisans used writing to keep accurate records. Eventually, the earliest civilisations used writing for creative expressions. This produced the world’s first works of literature.

11. Continue.... Religion Important religious developments also characterized the new urban civilizations. All of them developed religions to explain the forces of nature and their roles in the world. They believed that gods and goddesses were important to the community’s success.

12. Continue.... Government Growing numbers of people, the need to maintain the food supply, and the need for defense soon led to the growth of governments. In the first civilizations, governments usually were led by monarchs - kings or queens who rule a kingdom- who organized armies to protect their populations & made laws to regulate their citizens lives.

13. Continue.... Social structure A new social structure based on economic power also arose. Rulers and an upper class of priests, government officials, and warriors dominated society. Below this class was a large group of free people- farmers, artisans and craftspeople.

14. Continue.... Art Significant artistic activity was another feature of the new civilizations. Architects builds temples & pyramids as place for worship or sacrifice, or for the burial of kings & other important people. Painters and sculptors portrayed stories of nature. They also provided depictions of the rulers and gods they worshiped.

15. Difference Culture It includes religion, music, dance etc. which brings satisfaction & pleasure to many. It is the expression of final aspects of life. Culture is what we are. Culture has no standard of measurement because it is end in itself. Civilisation It includes all those things by means of which some other objective is attained. It consists of technology or social technology which control man’s behaviour. Civilization is what we have. It has a precised standard of measurement because it is a means.

16. Culture cannot be said to be advancing. Culture is internal and an end. It is like the soul of an individual. Culture is pre-condition for civilisation to develop. Culture is earlier. Culture relates to the inner qualities of society like religion, custom etc. Civilization is always advancing. Civilisation is external and a means. Civilisation represents a stage of cultural advancement. Civilisation is later. Civilisation relates to the outer form of society such as T.V, radio, fax etc.

17. Conclusion Civilisation and culture do not reveal two independent & separate systems. The distinctions between them is only relative and not absolute. They are not interdependent but also interactive. Both are man-made. One is for his comfort and luxury and the other for his satisfaction and happiness. Culture is the breeding ground of civilisation. Civilisation gives strength & stamina for the wheels of society to march on.