Culture- III PPT.pptx

Culture ppt

1. SOCIOLOGY Unit-III Culture Dr. R. Mahendranath Chowdary, Ph.D Assistant Professor, Department of Social Work The Apollo University- Chittoor 9885085025

2. Content- Culture- Meaning & its Nature Components of Culture Evolution of culture Diversity and uniformity of culture Culture and socialization Trans cultural society Influence on health and disease

3. INTRODUCTION Culture is derived from the English word ‘ Kulthra ’ and Sanskrit word ‘ Samskar ’ which denotes social channel and intellectual excellence. Culture is a way of life.

4. DEFINITION EB Taylor - Culture is a complex whole, which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by the man as a member of society. Leglic AY White- Culture is a symbolic continuous, cumulative and progressive process. Malinowski B- The cumulative creation of man; the handwork of man and the medium through which he achieves is ends.

5. DEFINITION Graham wallas - An accumulation of thoughts, values and objects; it is the social heritage acquired by us from preceding generations through learning as distinguished from the biological heritage which is passed on to us automatically through genes. CC North- The instruments constituted by man to assist him in a satisfying his wants. Redfield- Culture is an organization of phenomenon of acts, objects, ideas attitudes, values and use of the symbols. Culture is an organized body of conventional understanding manifested in arts and artifacts which persisting through tradition, characterizes the group.

6. NATURE OF CULTURE Culture is a learned behavior not inherited. It is learned through experience, imitation, communication, concept, thinking and socialization process. Culture is transmitted by vertically or horizontally thus it is communicative. Vertical transmission is from one generation to another whereas horizontal transmission is from one group to another group within the same period Culture is social not individual the pattern of thinking, feeling & acting can be shared by the members of the group and kept relatively uniform through group pressures.

7. NATURE OF CULTURE Culture provides opportunities and provides means for the satisfaction of our needs and desires to fulfill group functions. Culture is adaptive It may institute changes in the environment as a means of adopting, instead of altering themselves to the changing environments.

8. NATURE OF CULTURE Culture is dynamic Culture is subjected to slow but constant change, it respond to the changing condition of the world. Every society has its own culture Continuous and cumulative Integrative

9. TYPES OF CULTURE There are two types of culture i.e. material culture and non-material culture Material culture- Material culture concerned with the external, mechanical and utilitarian objects. It can be easily communicated and makes our life more comfortable, luxurious and meaningful. Thus material culture has the extrinsic value like housing, fashion, diet etc. material culture represent the whole apparatus of life or civilization. Non-material culture- It includes the concepts, values, mores and ideas e.g. monogamy, democracy, worship etc.

10. FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE It makes man as a human being. To regulate the conduct and prepares the human being for group life through the process of socialization. It defines the meaning of situation. Provides solutions for difficult situations. Defines values, attitudes and goals.

11. FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE Broaden the vision of individuals. Provide behavior patterns and relationship with others. Keep the individual behavior intact. Moulds national character. Define myths, legends, supernatural believes. Creates new needs and interests.

12. COMPONENTS OF CULTURE Components of culture are as follows- Symbols Language Values Folkways Mores (Civilization, society etc.,) Laws Customs

13. EVOLUTION OF CULTURE Evolution of specific culture is difficult to identify But from the discoveries and inventions cultural development can be identified But one thing is clear that culture is as old as man Though the material aspects does not us about the culture but reveals the evolution of culture

14. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE Culture is a set of behavior of a group. Therefore there are many culture as there are many groups. Culture of one group may differ completely or in certain aspects from other. These variations are known as cultural diversity.

15. DIVERSITY AND UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE Factors responsible for diverse culture are as follows- Geographical location Unconscious behavior imitated and later on become a custom which is the part of culture Flexibility in behavior Technological advancement Religious belief Life style Language

16. UNIFORMITY OF CULTURE Uniformity of culture is meant by sharing the same type of cultural pattern by the different group of people. Uniformity of culture is far more complex than it seems. Uniformity is based on the belief of God’s superiority.

17. CULTURE AND SOCIALIZATION Culture is defined as the belief, values, behavior and material objects shared by a particular group of people. Socialization is the process which shapes and defines our thoughts, feelings and also provides us with a model for our behavior. This process of socialization teaches the human being the cultural values and norms which provide the guidelines for our everyday life.

18. CULTURE AND SOCIALIZATION Human infants are born without any culture. They must be transformed by agents of socialization such as family, parents, teachers, peers and mass media into culturally adapt human beings. This general process of acquiring culture is referred to as socialization. Successful socialization can result in uniformity within society. Through the socialization personality develops. Socialization helps us to perform specific role in society which is culturally bound.

19. TRANS CULTURAL SOCIETY Transculturalism is defined as "seeing oneself in the other". Transcultural is in turn described as "extending through all human culture" or "involving, surrounding, or combining elements of more than one culture".

20. TRANS CULTURAL SOCIETY Transculturalism is characterized by the following: Transculturalism emphasizes on the problematic of contemporary culture in terms of relationships , meaning-making , and power formation ; and the transitory nature of culture as well as its power to transform . Transculturalism is interested in dissonance, tension, and instability as it is with the stabilizing effects of social conjunction, communalism, and organization. It is interested in the breakdown of groups, cultures, and power.

21. TRANS CULTURAL SOCIETY Transculturalism is characterized by the following: does not seek to privilege over the material conditions of life, nor vice versa. accepts that language and materiality . locates relationships of power (language and history) deeply suspicious can never avoid the force of its own precepts and the dynamic that is culture. never sides with one moral perspective over another.

22. Influence on Health and disease Culture has been described as an iceberg, with its most powerful features hidden under the ocean surface as illustrated

23. Cultural elements are often obvious but possibly less influential than the unrecognized or subconscious elements providing ballast below.

24. The cultural range Culture is commonly divided into two broad categories at opposite ends of a range:  collectivistic  & individualistic . Most cultures fall somewhere between the two poles  Different views in human health, as well as on treatment, diagnoses and causes of illness.

25. Providing health care to different cultural groups Health care providers should learn skills around cultural competence and patient- centred care . Such skills can be a compass for explore, respecting  and using cultural similarities and differences to improve quality of care and patient outcomes. Cultures are dynamic. There is huge diversity within any culture. Even when you think you understand one culture, it will have evolved or you will have identified exceptions. 

26. Characteristic of collectivistic and individualistic culture Collectivistic Individualistic Focus on “WE” Focus on “I” Promote relatedness and independence Value independence Connection to the family Value ability to make personal individual choices as a right Value respect and obedience Emphasize individual initiative and achievement Emphasize group goals, cooperation and harmony Lesser influence of group views and values and in fewer aspects of life Greater , broader influence of group views and values

27. Learning points: The health care provider’s culture is individualistic , while the mother’s is more collectivistic . The mother needed to consult before she could provide an answer. Communication styles differ. The mother feared shaming the provider by doubting advice, but also didn’t feel comfortable admitting that she would have to bring the choice home to decide . Education level is not an issue

28. Impact of culture on health Health is a cultural concept because culture frames and shapes how we perceive the world and our experiences. How patients and health care providers view health and illness. What patients and health care providers believe about the causes of disease. Which diseases or conditions are stigmatized and why. In many cultures, depression is a common stigma and seeing a psychiatrist means a person is “crazy” What types of health promotion activities are practiced, recommended or insured. In some cultures being “strong” How illness and pain are experienced and expressed. Patient interaction with health care providers. For example, not making direct eye contact is a sign of respect in many cultures, but a care provider may wonder if the same behaviour means her patient is depressed. The degree of understanding and compliance with treatment options recommended by health care providers who do not share their cultural beliefs. Some patients believe that a physician who doesn’t give an injection may not be taking their symptoms seriously.

29. What health professionals can do Health care providers are more likely to have positive interactions with patients and provide better care if they understand what distinguishes their patients’ cultural values, beliefs and practices from their own. The following suggestions may help you care for and communicate with patients Consider how your own cultural beliefs, values and behaviours may affect interactions with patients. Respect, understand and work with differing cultural perceptions of effective or appropriate treatment. Where needed, arrange for an appropriate interpreter.   Listen carefully to your patients and confirm that you have understood their messages. Make sure you understand how the patient understands his or her own health or illness. Recognize that families may use complementary and alternative therapies. Try to ‘locate’ the patient in the process of  adapting culture. Assess their support system. What are their language skills?  Negotiate a treatment plan based on shared understanding and agreement. Find out whether a patient or family would benefit from spoken or visual messaging for reasons of culture or limited literacy.

30. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lK3oqU2WNY0 Reference https://www.kidsnewtocanada.ca/culture/influence