CURRENT BURDEN OF DISEASE.pptx M.sc Nursing

Medical Surgical Nursing

1. CURRENT BURDEN OF DISEASES PRESENTED BY T. DEEPIKA 1 ST YEAR M.sc NURSING

2. Introduction Define health Define disease Burden of disease Major health disease Major health problem Global burden of disease Communicable disease Non communicable disease SYNOPSIS

3. 10 facts on the state of global health 2012 International health regulations (IHR) Purposes and scope of IHR Effects of burden of disease Uses of burden of disease Measurement of burden of disease Basic facts recording DALY and QALY Difference between DALY and QALY Abstract Conclusion CONTINUE

4. Population health was evaluated using mortality based indicators only. In other words the health of a population was determined by how many people died and why the causes and rates of death. Although mortality based indicators are useful they do not provide all the information necessary to access the health of a population or to compare the effectiveness Of intervention to product or improve health. INTRODUCTION

5. Crucial Mortality Morbidity TERMINOLOGY

6. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being , and not Morley an absence of disease or infirmity. -WHO DEFINE HEALTH

7. A condition in which body health is impaired , a departure from a state of health an alteration of human body interrupting the performance of vital function. - Webster DEFINE DISEASE

8. Burden of disease is the burden that a particular area measured by cost , morbidity and mortality. The Indian state level disease burden in initiative was launched in October 2015 to address the crucial knowledge gap with support from the ministry of health and family welfare of government of India. BURDEN OF DISEASE

9. Disease burden is the impact of a health problems as measured by financial cost , mortality , morbidity , or other indicators. Its often quantified in terms of QUALITY ADJUSTED LIVE YEARS (QALY) DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIVE YEARS (DALY) YEARS LOST DUE TO DISABILITY(YLDS) MAJOR HEALTH PROBLEMS

10. The global burden of disease (GBD)-it is comprehensive regional and assessment of mortality and disability. Developed in 1990 by the WHO Provide information and projections about disease burden on a global scale. Its has three specific aims; GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE

11. To systematically incorporate information's on non fetal outcomes into outcomes into the assessment of health status To ensure that all estimate and projections were derived on the basis of objective epidemiology and demographic methods which were not influenced by advocates. To measure the burden of disease using a metric that could also be used to assess the cost effectiveness of interventions the metric chosen was DALY. CONTINUE

12. GLOBAL BURDEN DISEASE

13. Malaria Dengue HIV and AIDS Covid 19 Tuberculosis Viral hepatitis Chicken box COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

14. MALARIA Malaria is life threatening diseases spread to humans by some types of mosquitoes. It is preventable and curable. According to the latest world malaria report there were 247 million cases of malaria in 2021compared to 245 million cases in2020. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

15. TUBERCULOSIS A potentially serious infectious bacterial disease that mainly affects the lungs . Its caused by a bacterium called mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its attach any part of the body such as the kidney, spine, and brain. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

16. DENGUE Dengue (break bone fever) is a viral infection that spreads from mosquitoes to people. It is more common in tropical and subtropical climates. In WHO has reported the cases increased from 5,05,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in2019 COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

17. HIV AND AIDS Human Immuno deficiency virus(HIV ) is an infection that attacks the body’s immune system. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)is the most advanced stage of the disease. In 2023 -6,30,000 people died from HIV related causes and 1.3 million people acquired HIV. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

18. COVID -19 The impact of corona virus in India largely disruptive. It affect the people in different ways. Due to corona virus about 94000 people are decreased in India. In 22 march 2021, a 403,269,879 total number of vaccine doses have been administered. COMMUNICABLE DISEASES

19. In India 63% of all death occur due to non communicable disease. It includes Cardio vascular disease Diabetes Hypertension Cancer Mental health disorder Accident and injuries Environmental sanitation problem Nutritional problem Population problems obesity NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

20. CARDIO VASCULAR DISEASES According to recent estimate cases of cardiovascular disease are about 37 million in 2020 and number of death due to cardiovascular diseases will also more. The death rate is estimated about 272 / 1lakh population in India . NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

21. DIABETES India has an estimate 77million people with diabetes. The number is projected to grow by 2045 to become 134 million according to international diabetes federation (IDF) The prevalence of diabetes in the population is 8.9% According to WHO 2%of all death in India are due to diabetes. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

22. HYPERTENSION Responsible for 13% of death in world wide over 26% of adults in world had hypertension in 2000 expected to jump to 30% by 2025. 2/3 with HTN live in developing world. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

23. CANCER India Is likely to have over 17.3 lakh new cases of cancer and over 8.8 lakh death by 2020 with cancer of breast , lung and cervix topping the list NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

24. MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS With out anticipating a corona virus pandemic , the WHO earlier predicted that by 2020. 20% of the population will suffer from mental illness. That means 200 million people in India have mental illness and the situation likely to be worsen. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

25. ACCIDENT AND INJURIES According to WHO , RTI will be the third leading cause of mortality and morbidity by 2020 among the total DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIVE YEARS (DALY) 13% due to injuries . NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

26. Environmental sanitation problems The main problems are lack of safe water supply and excreta disposal . These has been a growing concern about the impact of new problems resulting; Population exptosion Urbanization Industrialization NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

27. NUTRITIONAL PROBLEM It includes malnutrition , anemia, blindness , low birth weight . From anemia 60-80% of pregnant women are anemic. 20-0% of maternal death are attributed to anemia. About <0.35 % of total blindness in India is attributed to nutritional deficiency. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

28. POPULATION PROBLEMS The population problem is one of the biggest problems of country which affects all aspects of development especially health care, sanitation, housing , education and employment. NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

29. GLOBALIZATION The increasing interconnectedness of countries and the openness of borders to ideas , people , commerce and financial capital. (Lancet, 2003) Refers to every aspect of life: Cultural , social , psychological and political creates both negative and positive impacts on society and its health NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

30. Other causes : Tobacco use Alcohol Overweight , physical inactivity PHYSICAL INACTIVITY Physical inactivity is estimated to cause 2 million deaths worldwide annually. Globally a causal factor in 10-16 % of causes of breast cancer , colon cancer and diabetes 22% of ischemic heart disease NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

31. ILLNESS: Top 4 causes of illness worldwide include Diarrheal disease Pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections . Except in Africa which has high level of malaria. Complications of pregnancy NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

32. Life expectancy at birth increased globally by 6 years since 1990 Around 6.6 million children under the age of 5 die each year Cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in the world Preterm birth is the leading killer of new born babies worldwide Most HIV/AIDS deaths occur in Africa Everyday about 800 women die due to complications of pregnancy and child birth 10 FACTS ON THE STATE OF GLOBAL HEALTH 2012

33. Mental health disorders such as depression are among the 20 leading causes of disability worldwide Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year Almost 1 in 10 adults has diabetes Nearly 3500 people die from road traffic crushes every day 10 FACTS ON THE STATE OF GLOBAL HEALTH 2012

34. Since 15 June 2007,the world has been implementing the international health regulation (2005) Under the international health regulations 2005(1 HR 2005) the world health organization is to establish case definition for the following four critical disease Small pox Poliomyelitis due to wild type poliovirus Human influenza caused by a new subtype Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) INTERNATIONAL HEALTH REGULATION (IHR)

35. The purpose and scope of these regulations are: To prevent ,protect against , control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to risks to public health. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF IHR

36. Personal Body Relationships Work Social Community development Social services Health care system EFFECTS OF BURDEN OF DISEASE

37. National : Economy Productivity Education Uses of burden of disease: To compare population health across communities. To provide a full picture of which disease Injuries and risk factors contribute the most to poor health. CONTINUE

38. The burden of disease is measured by health adjusted life years (HALY).it helps in estimate the burden of disease The measure the combined effects of mortality and morbidity in population allowing for comparisons between illness and interventions MEASUREMENT OF BURDEN OF DISEASE

39. Both Daly and QALY are based on the latest epidemiological data The data must be assess for diagnostic accuracy The data collected from Reportable disease registers Healthcare administration databases Census National and local surveillance data BASIC FACTS REGARDING DUTY AND QALY

40. DALY QALY Measure disease burden in population A nalyze clinical interventions The goal of DALY is to minimize the bad gap in health The goal of QALY is to maximize the good quality of life DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DALY AND QALY

41. Analysis of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and response on routine childhood vaccination coverage and equity in Northern Nigeria: a mixed methods study Background:  Based on 2021 data, Nigeria had the second largest number of zero-dose children globally estimated at over 2.25 million, concentrated in the northern part of the country due to factors some of which are socio cultural. This study analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and response on childhood vaccination in Northern Nigeria. JURNALS

42. Methods:  Using a mixed methods sequential study design in the most populous northern states of Kaduna and Kano, quantitative routine Immunization data for the period 2018-2021 and qualitative data collected through 16 focus group discussions and 40 key informant interviews were used. Results:  Mean Penta 1 coverage declined in Kaduna from 69.88% (SD=21.02) in 2018 to 59.54% (SD=19.14%) by 2021, contrasting with Kano where mean Penta 1 coverage increased from 51.87% (SD=12.61) to 56.32% (SD=17.62%) over the same period.  CONTINUE

43. The Global burden of disease (GBD)provides detailed data on disease ,injuries and risk factors that are essential inputs for evidence based policy making. This collaborative project shows that the world’s health is undergoing rapid change . Non communicable disease and disability caused a greater share of health loss in 2010 compared to 1990 in most regions of the world. CONCLUSION

44. https://ncci .ca/publications/ understanding _ the_ measurement https://www.who.int/docs National commission on macro economics and health burden of disease in India https://www.who.int/macrohealth/action/ NCMH burden of disease BIBLIOGRAPHY

45. Sourav goswami –burden of disease in India Available from https://www.slideshare,net /burden of disease analysis BIBLIOGRAPHY

46. Dadari 1.sharkey,A.,Hoare, 1.,and lzurieta R 2023 . Analysis of the impact of covid 19 pandemic and response on routine childhood vaccination coverage and equity in northern Nigeria, a mixed methods study BMJ open ,13(10), e076154 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen -2023-076154 JOURNAL REFERENCE