Current trends in nursing administration

Current trends in nursing administration

1. CURRENT TRENDS IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION Submitted by Mrs Gayathri R 2 nd yr MSc (N) UCON

2. INTRODUCTION Nursing is an art and a science. Nursing is the oldest of arts and youngest of professions. The heritage of nursing includes the successes, advances and units as well as failures, regressions and conflicts. Nursing was distinguished in its early history as a form of community services was originally related to strong instinct to preserve and protect the family. Modern nursing involves many activities, concepts and skills related to basic and social sciences, growth and development. The opportunities for a nursing career are limitless

3. DEFINITION Trend: Trend means change or movement in a particular direction. It also denote general direction and tendencies especially of events, opinion or movements in a particular direction. It is defined as the general direction in which something tends to move. Or it is a general tendency or inclination or current style.

4. Trend Trend is the event that occurs overtime and shows a series of fluctuation in its patterns. (Stanhope Lancaster ) Nursing trends It is the general direction towards which the different nursing events have moved and are moving, as well as the opinions in and about our profession.

5. Administration: "Administration is the organization & direction of human and material resources to achieve desired ends". [ Pfiffner and Presthus ]. "Administration is the direction, coordination and control of many persons to achieve same purposes or objective [ Nigro ].

6. HISTORICAL AND EDUCATIONAL TRENDS The events which have taken place, are being divided into four phases: The early period in which the foundation were laid The years up to world war ii in which a basic pattern was more or less standardized The war years which gave an impetus to nursing education The year after independence marked by the development of public health nursing and start of degree programme in nursing

7. *Milestones in nursing during independence period

8. Before Independence In 1888, Indian army nursing service were set up. Mission hospitals were being set in different parts of India at about the same time. Religion prevented Hindu and Muslim girls from joining. So only Christian girls should be trained first. The Dufferin fund: Queen Victoria noticed this trend and asked Lady Dufferin (whose husband was in government service) to take interest in care of children and women. She had raised a fund named Dufferin fund in 1885 and started the National Association for supplying aid by women to women of India. Ms Atkinson was brought from England to Bombay to set up and become superintendent of first modern training school for nurses in India. Low status of women, caste system; illiteracy, poverty and language differences were the barrier or the difficulties that hinder in the progress of nursing

9. After independence During the first 10 years of independence there has been a considerable development in all fields of social welfare, nursing has been one of them. A broader and more varied field of work has been opened for nurses, greater opportunities for further study and wider professional contacts, both at home and abroad have become available.

10. FACTORS AFFECTING CURRENT NURSING TRENDS

11. Changing Scenario of Gov. Towards Health Care-healthy People There is constant effort from government to improve upon the health of the people. Efforts are being made to deliver the healthcare to the community especially the rural community. Various committees from time to time had given the recommendations. Various national health programs were launched. Some of the communicable diseases were eradicated. ‘Health for All’ development is based on self-determination & self-reliance of every individual & the community for which the community participation is necessary. The community is also conscious about their health & their rights. The focus is on coordinating the activities of health sector at national, international & community levels with those other social & economic sectors education, agriculture, household, water, housing, communication etc.

12. Computers and Technology Change Health Care Delivery. New technology facilitates diagnosis, decision-making & research . Emphasis is on computerized documentation system. More documentation will be done directly on a computer often at the patient's bedside . Wireless handheld computers will enable doctors and nurses to be close at hand, even far away . Personal digital assistants (PDA's) and other electronic organizers will help nurse’s access information and manage time. Computerized records in formerly called CPR (computerized patient records) and CMR (computerized medical records) or OLPR (On-Line patient records) will be common.

13. Informatics and efforts to standardize and unify nursing language. Informatics , the study to how to use computers to capture the data is proved to be better for clinical and Research purposes and it is growing and on demand. Various programs are required to take decisions for the nursing care.

14. Case management disease management and tele -health care expand. There is a demand to manage the care from a distance, being simple at home and in remote areas with chronic diseases and complicated treatment regimens, through the use of telephones, television monitors and telecommunication. More nurses will become involved in disease management and case management (care delivery models that aim to keep costs down by helping people with chronic illness, improve their health status through close monitoring, and use of resources.)

15. Diverse responsibilities. Nurses at all the levels in hospitals communities are accountable for diagnosis, prevention & management of various health problems . Primary Health Care, patient education, health Promotion, rehabilitation, self-care and alternative methods of healing are the added responsibilities. To carry out such responsibility nurses need to have diverse skills.

16. Educated consumers. Education and Technology advancement brings about a growing Awareness of health needs among people. They are becoming aware of their rights, so the nursing needs to be directed according to their health needs.

17. Changing role of women in society Women are now becoming educated and active Foster the status of nurses as women is improving in the society. They are now Independent, and they can take independent decisions for themselves and for their clients.

18. Changes in medical, paramedical and allied professions. Growing specialization and super specialization in medical and allied professions have brought the development of new tests, medicines and machines . There is also focus on quality- oriented services. So, the nurses also need to be trained accordingly to keep pace with the change in the technology.

19. International influence and contribution of international organizations . These International organizations and their influence encouraged the Nurses to participate in international conferences, workshops. Most of the nurses are sent on deputation for undergoing training programs in Abroad sponsored by WHO, INC International Council of nurses promotes a sharing idea whereas World Health Organization, USAID etc. aid with research, education and publications.

20. Expanding nursing role. There is an increased demand for advanced practice nurses (ANPs), who should be prepared at the master's level and who should have specialized skills to function in the clinical, research, education and management roles.

21. Nurses must prove value. Regulatory requirements stress that nurses must prove their values to both customers and their employers, showing how the impact on patient outcomes.

22. Nurses roles as leaders and managers essential. Nurses play a central role in efficient management of scarce resources, organizational skills, leadership, critical thinking, delegation and supervision and communication skills are required for them working at different levels.

23. Shared governance and collaborative decision making . Nurses are required to be included in making decisions about rules procedure other aspects of care in order to bring results. Nursing shortage threatens patient care. More demand with fever nurses threatens patient care. To find out to attract and retain nurses.

24. Nursing education course online. Various courses of nursing education will go online in future. Standards and practice guidelines. This is a high time to have the standards in nursing and practice models, protocols, guidelines that should aim to reduce useless or harmful practices.

25. Evidence-based care and best practices are emphasized . Research and clinical studies are required to have the evidence that can be analysed to come to the consensus about what are the best approaches to specific conditions from outcome and cost perspectives. These best approaches often referred to as Benchmarks or best practices.

26. TRENDS IN NURSING ADMINISTRATION

27. Changing Demographics and Increasing Diversity The Technological Explosion Globalization of the World’s Economy and Society

28. The Era of the Educated Consumer, Alternative Therapies and Genomics Quality assurance in nursing care Decentralised approach to care management

29. Interdisciplinary Education for Collaborative Practice The Current Nursing Shortage/Opportunities for Lifelong Learning and Workforce Development Continuing nursing education

30. Evidence based practice Nursing audits Collective bargaining

31. Incentives for the health care professionals Trend in span of authority Case management disease management and telehealth care expand.

32. Changing demographics and increasing diversity Increase in the diversity of the population which affects the nature and the prevalence of illness and disease, requiring changes in practice that reflect and respect diverse values and beliefs. Disparities in morbidity, mortality, and access to care among population sectors have increased, even as socioeconomic and other factors have led to increased violence and substance abuse. Ethnic and racial diversity of nursing institutes creating a rich cultural environment for learning.

33. The Technological Explosion There is reduction in distance through speedy communication. Advances in digital technology have increased the applications of tele -health and telemedicine mobiles, e-line, video conferences, bringing together patient and provider without physical proximity. Nanotechnology is a new form of clinical diagnosis and treatment, which is capable of detecting a wide range of diseases from very minute specimens. There is computerization for patient care management .

34. Globalization of the world’s economy and society Now there is potential for rapid disease transmission & potential for dramatic improvements in health due to knowledge transfer between cultures and health care systems. Nursing science needs to address health care issues, such as emerging and remerging infections, that result from globalization. Nursing education and research must become more internationally focused to disseminate information and benefit from the multicultural experience.

35. Quality assurance in Nursing care Public knows their rights, human rights, commissions , protection acts and process etc , are putting constant pressures on the professionals to deliver their best. Professionals cannot ignore or be careless in discharging duties especially when it concerns people lives and health. Nurse managers have to ensure delivery of quality care by practicing as per standards laid down by their counsels and institutions.

36. Decentralized approach to care Management This makes each and every nurse responsible and accountable for the care of assigned patients. patients satisfaction, quality care and smooth functioning of the units. It focuses on problem solving on the spot with the joint participation of the supervisee and supervisor.

37. Continuing nursing education   It has become essential to keep up with the changing needs of patient care. Nurses have to continuously update themselves with new and innovative approaches in patient care management. For this they should enable themselves with workshops, seminars, short term training programme, attend conferences, make use of library, subscribe and read periodicals and books. Discussion on bedside and supportive supervision helps to keep abreast with newer techniques and information.

38. Evidence based Practice There has been a significant Advancement in Nursing Science and Research. Most studies concern health behaviors, symptom . There is lack in focus on the scholarship and science of nursing as top priorities. Doctorally prepared nursing professionals are not being produced in large enough numbers to meet the growing need. There is need for enhanced mentorship for new researchers to strengthen skills and capacity to conduct meaningful nursing research .

39. Nursing audits   Regular nursing audits promotes ensures quality of care provided to the clients and upliftment of standards of nursing care .

40. Collective bargaining   Collective bargaining is the uniting of the employees for the purpose of increasing their ability to influence their employer and to improve the working conditions. Collective bargaining is based on the principle that there is greater strength in large numbers

41. Case management, disease management, and tele health care expand There is a demand to manage the care from a distance, being more people at home and in remote areas with chronic diseases and complicated treatment regimens, through the use of telephones, television monitors, and telecommunication.

42. The Current Nursing Shortage, Opportunities for Lifelong Learning and Workforce Development Career and professional development (in-service education programmes, study leave) Workload management Overtime payments Letter of appreciation to the good worker or for their extraordinary performance(best nurse award) Flexible working arrangements Positive working environment Access to benefits and support(Child care leave, housing loan, Earned leave )

43. Interdisciplinary Education for Collaborative Practice There is an increased collaboration between nursing practice and nursing education . Team-based, interdisciplinary approaches are highly effective for improving clinical outcomes and reducing cost. There is a growing need of teaching methods that incorporate opportunities for interdisciplinary education and collaborative practice . Also there is increased student and nurse mobility (including increased licensure mobility), increased distance (online) learning. Schools of nursing providing ongoing professional development for competence requirements. Also there is an increased teaching of evidence-based practice.

44. JOURNAL ABSTRACT Nursing Administration Graduate Programs: Current Status and Future Plans Frank, Betsy PhD, RN; Aroian , Jane EdD , RN; Tashea , Priscilla MS, MBA, RN [The Journal of Nursing Administration:  May 2003 - Volume 33 - Issue 5 - p 300-306 ]

45. Background : Much controversy has been reported in the literature regarding the value of graduate programs in nursing administration. Yet a rapidly changing healthcare delivery system requires that nurse administrators be well prepared to deal with a fiscally restrained environment that demands the delivery of high-quality care

46. Objective : The purpose of our study was to investigate the current status and future plans of graduate programs in nursing administration. We particularly focused on anticipated program reforms and relationships with external stakeholders . Method : A survey was mailed to 338 National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission and Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education accredited master’s programs. Data from 105 completed surveys were analysed descriptively.

47. Results and conclusions : Graduate programs in nursing administration are alive and well. Programs appear to be adding needed content as suggested by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and American Organization of Nursing Executives and others to keep pace with a changing healthcare delivery system. Programs continue to explore creative ways to reach more students with fewer faculty resources.

48. CONCLUSION Nursing sisters are not adequately prepared and oriented to carry out their role. Hospital Administrators and Nursing administrators need to organize orientation programme and in-service education programme to orient and update nursing sisters on management techniques. Nursing sisters should utilize every opportunity to empower them as a responsible and accountable leader of her team in the ward to provide quality health care to the patient.

49. REFERENCE Jogindra vati , Principles and Practice of Nursing Management and Administration, Jaypee Publishers, 1st edition. Donald E Lighter & Douglas C Fair, Quality Management in Healthcare, Jones & Bare let Publishers, 2 nd edition. Alamelu Venkataraman , Newer Trends in Management of Nursing Service & Education, Jaypee Publishers, 1 st edition. B M Sakharkar , Principles of Hospital administration & planning, Jaypee publishers, 2nd edition. http://brainly .in www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>pubmed http://journals.iww.com www.researchgate.net

50. Thank you….