Curriculum

introduction,meaning , definition ,purposes, principle, concept, conclusion

1. Curriculum prepared by Dr. Javed Sheikh Professor,

2. CONTENTS Introduction Meaning of curriculum Definition of curriculum Purposes of curriculum Principle of curriculum Concepts of curriculum Conclusion Bibliography

3. Curriculum is the crux of the whole educational process. Without curriculum we cannot conceive any educational endeavors. The curriculum is a literature sense; a pathway towards a goal. The educational process is set into motion towards its aim through the curriculum of courses. Curriculum is actually what happens during a course eg . Lecture, demonstration, field visits and the work with the clients. INTRODUCTION

4. The term “curriculum” is a Latin word, “ currere ” which means “running” “race course” or “runway”. Thus, curriculum means a course to be run for reaching a certain goal or destination. MEANING

5. 1. Curriculum is the sum total of the student activities which the school sponsors for the purpose of achieving its objective . - Albert A & Albert E (1959) 2. Curriculum is a tool in the hands of the artist (teacher) to mould his material (pupil) according to his ideas (aims and objectives) in his studio (School) - Cunningham DEFINITION OF CURRICULUM

6. To equip the learners through bringing the desirable behavior changes in them. To cope with and handle life situations realistically, rationally without scarifying the human principle. PURPOSES OF CURRICULUM

7. Development of health personnel at all levels. Preparation of respective health team members specifically for the task they will be required to perform in their respective jobs positions. Student participation in curriculum development. Planned curriculum helps to realize the educational objectives. CURRICULUM HELP IN-

8. The following principles should be kept in mind when framing a curriculum. The conservative principle The forward-looking principal Creative principle Activity principle Principle of depression for life Principle of maturity PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM –

9. 7. Principle of individual difference 8. Principle of vertical and horizontal articulation 9. Principle of linking with life 10. Principle of comprehensiveness and balance 11. Principle of loyalties 12. Principle of flexibility 13. Principle of core all common subject 14. Principle of leisure 15. Principle of all round and development body will and spirit 16. Principle of democracy secularism and socialism 17. Principle of character building 18. Principle of dignity or labor

10. 1. THE CONSERVATIVE PRINCIPLE :- It has been stated that nation live in the present, on the past and for the future. This means that the present, the past and the future need of the community should be taken into consideration. The past is a great guide for the present as it helps us to decide what has been useful to those who are living now. Thus, the function of the school is to preserve and transmit the traditions, knowledge, experience and the way of life of the present generation.

11. 2. THE FORWARD-LOOKING PRINCIPAL -: Children’s of today are the future citizens of tomorrow. Therefore, their education should be such as it enables them to be progressive minded persons. Education should be given them a foundation of knowledge, feeling and that will enable them to change the environment where change is needed .

12. 3. CREATIVE PRINCIPLE – In the curriculum , those activities should be included which enable the child to exercise his creative and constructive power. The objective of education is to discover and to develop special interests, testes and aptitudes.

13. 4 . ACTIVITY PRINCIPLE – The curriculum should be thought in term of activity and experience, rather than of knowledge to be acquired and facts to be stored. Growth and learning takes place only where there is activity. Experience rather than instruction is to meet the one of the various stages of the growth.

14. 5. PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION FOR LIFE – This is the most important principle in the construction of the curriculum. Curriculum must include those activities which enable the child to take his part effectively and amicably in the activities of the community when he becomes an adult. We have to prepare him in such a way as he is capable for facing the various challenges of the complex problems of the future.

15. 6.PRINCIPLE OF MATURITY : - Curriculum should be adapted to the grade of the pupils and to their stage of mental and physical development in the early childhood ' wonder' and “romance” predominant. So subjects and activities which present the elements of ‘wonders’ and ‘romance’ should be included at this stage. At the next stage, that is the senior secondary, students are interested in generalizations and accordingly curriculum should provide such activities. The child at this stage is keen to discover, to find out and discuss new facts.

16. 7. PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES: - Individual differs in teste , temperature, skill, experience, attitude innate ability and in sex. Therefore the curriculum should be adapted to individual difference .

17. 8 . PRINCIPLE OF VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL ARTICULATION :- One the one hand each year’s course should be build on what has to be done in previous year and at the same time should serve as a basis for subsequent work. It is absolutely essential the entire curriculum should be coordinated.

18. 9. PRINCIPLES OF LINKING WITH LIFE :- The community needs and characteristics should be kept in view while framing the curriculum.

19. 10. PRINCIPLE OF COMPREHENSIVENESS AND BALANCE :- The curriculum should be framed in such a way as every aspect of life such as economic relationship, social activities, occupations and spiritual life is given due emphasis

20. 11. PRINCIPLE OF LOYALTIES: - The curriculum should be plan in such a manner that it teacher a true sense of loyalty to the family, the school, the town ,the province the country and the world at large. It should be enable the child to understand that there is unity and diversity.

21. 12. PRINCIPLE OF FLEXIBILITY : - Curriculum should take into consideration the special needs and circumstances of the pupils. Curriculum of the girls may not always be identical with that of boys. The special need for both the sexes should be given their due consideration. In general, the curriculum of the rural and the urban School will be the same but there might be variation according to the specific needs of the locality.

22. 13. PRINCIPLES OF CORE AND COMMON SUBJECT :- There are certain board areas of knowledge, skill and appreciation with which all the children must be made conversant and these should find a place in the curriculum. This is more important at higher secondary stage where there are diversified courses. These subjects are to be common to all groups. They are known as core subjects. Mother tongue or regional language, special studies, journal science including mathematics and craft are expected to be the core subject.

23. 14. PRINCIPLE OF LEISURE :- The curriculum should prepare the child for the use of leisure time. According to Herbert Spencer “Literature music and art occupy the leisure part of life and should, therefore occupy the leisure part of education. The capacity to enjoy the leisure greatly determines a man’s ,capacity, drinking and obscene literature, it will hamper progress not only for an individual also the nation as a whole”

24. 15.PRINCIPLE OF ALL ROUND AND DEVELOPMENT BODY, WILL AND SPEED: - All kinds of experience should be provided to the student so that they may develop all their powers.

25. 16. PRINCIPLE OF DEMOCRACY SECULARISM AND SOCIALISM: - Curriculum should be such as it trains the child to imbibe ideals tend values of Democratic secular and socialist state.

26. 17. PRINCIPLE OF CHARACTER BUILDING: - Curriculum should provide those activities and experience which promote human and social values. There should be provision for a number of co-curricular activities.

27. 18. PRINCIPLE OF DIGNITY OR LABOR :- Curriculum should make provision for socially useful productive work. The student should be provided opportunities to learn from the use hand.

28. It includes all the learning experience with a child has regardless of when or how they take place under the guidance of the school. The systematic arrangement of certain courses designed with certain objectives of the pupil. The courses offered within a certain field in the school such as GNM program ; Basic B.Sc. nursing ;Post basic B.Sc. Nursing curriculum ; M.Sc. Nursing Program. Concepts of Curriculum :-

29. Total educational programme of school or whatever learning, activities and experiences occur within. It included the total learning experiences of the child within or outside the classroom. The traditional concept of the curriculum is meant that , the teachers has focused her efforts and attention all making students to learn the items in subject and courses of study according to the fixed the syllabus. New concept of curriculum through education the young people's lives in the present word and to adapt himself to it according to his age and ability .

30. Curriculum is a plan of logical sequences of correlated and integrated subject which students may pursue in the attainment of a given goal. If the curriculum provided is broad , varied and flexible in learning opportunities, the curriculum selected and experienced can be highly appropriate for each individual learner.

31. CONCLUSION :- Curriculum directs the teaching learning experiences of nursing educational program. It provides formal and informal contacts between teachers and pupils in educational institution. The curriculum touch the whole life of students at all points and helps in the evaluation of balanced personality of the learner. If the curriculum provided is broad, varied and fixable in learning opportunities, the curriculum selected and experienced can be highly appropriate for each individual learner

32. 1. K.P . Neeraja ; “TEXTBOOK OF NURSING EDUCATION “ ; JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD ,New Delhi, 2 nd Editor, 2004-2005; Page no 135-139. 2. BT Basavanthappa ; “NURSING EDUCATION” JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P)Ltd. ;New Delhi; 1st edition ,2003 page no. 119 - 126 3. Loretta E. Heidegerken ; “TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS OF NURSING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS”, 3 rd Edition, Konark Publisher Pvt. ltd. A-149 Main Vikas Marg , New Delhi, 3rd edition ,1992, page no 238-239. 4. Dr . Aleyamma Kurian George ; “ PRINCIPLES OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION” Vivekanand place, 233 North Car Street, Tiruchengoda , Namakkal District , Tamil Nadu, 2002, page no 5,6,7 Bibliography