CW-ELEMENTS,TECHNIQUES and DEVICES FICTION.pptx

Key elements of fiction: plot, character, setting, theme, point of view, etc.
Techniques for writing journal entries and short compositions exploring fiction.

2. Elements of fiction:
1.PLOT

I1.SETTING
IN.CHARACTRS
IV.POINT OF VIEW
V.THEME

3. Plot is the authors arrangement of events in the

story. It has a beginning, middle and an end.

specifically, the plot follows the

Climax

Exposition Denouement

More

4. Narrative Stages

The narrative stages or stages of the plot are as

follows:

Exposition: The start of the story, the situation before the
action starts

Rising Action: The series of conflicts and crisis in the
story that lead to the climax

Climax / Turning Point: The most intense moment —
either mentally or in action — the reader wonders what will
happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?

Falling Action: The events and complications begin to
resolve themselves. (The events between the climax and
the resolution)

Denouement (Resolution): The conclusion, the
untanaling of events in the story

5. Types of Plot
Events in a story can be presented in a variety of
orders:

* The chronological order: some stories begin
with what happens first, following the regular
time development of events to end.

* Some stories begin at the end then lead up to
why and how things developed as they did.

* Some stories begin in the middle of things.

6. Flashback

This is a technique in which the author
interrupts the plot of the story to tell an
incident of an earlier time (goes back in time;
like giving the reader a memory).

7. Foreshadowing

This is a writers’ technique in which the author
provides clues or hints as to what is going to
happen later in the story.

8. Conflict

Conflict is the struggle between two forces in
a story. The plot revolves around this conflict.

9. Types of Conflict

Physical Conflict: Between a character and nature
or the physical world.

Social Conflict: Between characters or between
the character and his or her society.

Internal Conflict (Psychological Conflict): Between
different attitudes of beliefs in the character's
mind.

10. External Conflict

En - There are
. à three types of
external
conflict:
character vs.
character
character vs.
society; and
character vs.

11. Character vs. Character

« The protagonist
in the story
experiences
conflict with

others,
especially the
antagonist.

12. Character vs-S ociety

- The
_ protagonist

| society
E i. asa rte”

13. Character vs. Nature

COUNTDOWN TO. - The
protagonist in
= > TD
experiences

conflict with
the elements
of nature.

14. Internal Conflict

- The
_ protagonist in
the story
experiences
conflict with
her or his
conscience.

15. Il. SETTING

The setting is the place and time of the story.
It also includes the circumstances of the story,
like the weather conditions, the social class,
etc.

16. Ill. CHARACTERS

The people (or animals, things, etc.
presented as people) in a literary work

17. TYPES OF CHARACTERS

Characters can be classified in different
ways:

+ Major and minor characters

* Round and Flat characters

* Dynamic and Static characters

* Protagonist and Antagonist

18. ROUND AND FLAT CHARACTERS

+ Round Characters are complex
convincing, and true to life characters. They
are described in more detail, having many
different and sometimes even contradictory
personality traits.

* Flat Characters are stereotyped, shallow,
and often symbolic. They have only one or
two personality traits

19. DYNAMIC AND STATIC CHARACTERS:

* Dynamic Characters undergo some type
of change or development in the story, often
because of something that happens to them.

+ Static Characters do not change in the

course of the story.

20. aE N ANT 1

+ Protagonist: The main character in a
literary work.

+ Antagonist: The character who
opposes the protagonist

21. Characterization

Characterization refers to the methods used
by the writer to create his or her characters.

22. METHODS OF CHARACTERIZATION:

Characters are revealed to us by means of the
following techniques or some of them.

Physical appearance
Names
What the narrator tells us about them

What other characters say about them

23. IV. POINT OF VIEW

The angle or perspective from which
the story is told (Who tells the story)

- The point of view is divided into two
main types:

- First person point of view
- Third person point of view

24. First Person Point of View

The story is told from the
viewpoint of one of the
characters, using the first person
pronoun “I”.

The first person narrator can
either be partic pant or
nonparticipant in the action

25. Third Person Point of View

The story is told using a narrator who
uses third person pronouns such as “he”,
“she”, “his”, “her”, “they” etc.

Third Person Point of View can be broken up into
three different types:

- Omniscient
- Limited Omniscient
- Objective

26. Omniscient Point of View: The narrator
has the power to show the reader what is
happening in the minds of the characters,
their feelings and their thinking.

i isci Poin f View: The
narrator shows us inside the mind of one
character.

Objective Point of view: The story is told as
if from a camera that follows the characters. Only
what is said and done is recorded.

27. V. THEME

Theme is the central idea or central
message of the story. It usually contains
some insight into the human condition —
telling something about humans and life.

28. OTHER TECHNIQUES
IRONY

Verbal Irony: This is the contrast between what is said
and what is meant.

Dramatic Irony: This is the contrast between what the
character thinks to be true and what we (the readers) know
to be true. Sometimes as we read we are placed in the
position of knowing more than what one character knows.
Because we know something the character does not, we
read to discover how the character will react when he or she
learns the truth of the situation.

Situational Irony: It is the contrast between what happens
and what was expected to happen.

29. SYMBOLISM

A symbol represents an idea, quality, or concept

A journey
can
symbolize
life

Water may
represent
cleanliness

and renewal

larger than itself

A lion can be
a symbol of \ \
courage.

A red rose
can
represent
love.

30. Fiction Genres

What kind of
story are you
reading?

31. Fiction Genres

+ Historical fiction
+ Realistic fiction
+ Fantasy

+ Science fiction

+ Mystery

» Folktales

* Genre hybrids

32. HISTORICAL FICTION

* A story that is set in the past

and portrays people. places. and

events that did or could have

happened.

FANTASY

A story that is not realistic.
sometimes the characters have
magical or supernatural
powers.

33. MILDRED D. TAYLO

REALISTIC FICTION Roll of Thund
Hear My

+ A story that tells

about ch act

34. SCIENCE FICTION

A story that is set
in th

future and
is based on

scientific ideas.

35. Presents a puzzle or riddle to be solved.
Mysteries contain a character who acts as the
detective, and contain clues to help he reader
solve the puzzle. Mysteries written for older
students have a suspenseful mood and
contain foreshadowing.

https://www2.k 1 2albemarle.org/depV/instruction/languagearts/Curriculum%20Appendices/Appen
dixF_GenreDef.pdf

36. Mystery

* Ina mystery, the main character is trying to
solve a mystery

+ The main character finds clues and follows
leads

37. Folktales

Folktales include myths, tall tales, and fairy
tales

38. Folktales

+ Some folktales tell why something exists or
how something came to be

¢ These stories are called pourquoi tales

39. Genre Hybrids

+ A genre hybrid (or cross-genre) is a text that
includes elements of different genres

* Just like a hybrid car uses both gasoline and
electricity, hybrid genres can have
characteristics of two or more genres

40. oe
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