Cytokines.pptx

Cytokines

1. Cytokines and t heir role in health and disease Moderator :Dr Vidya Pai

2. Chemical substances which serve as messengers. Mediating interaction and communication between various cells of immune system. Greek word ( cyto -cell, kines -movement). 200 different human cytokines have been identified . Cytokines

3. Modulate the balance between humoral and cell mediated immune response. Induce inflammatory response. Regulate hematopoiesis. Differentiate and induce wound healing. Regulate certain cell proliferation, maturation, growth and responsiveness. Functions of cytokines

4. NAME MEMBERS Interleukin 1 family IL-1 α , IL-1 β , IL-Ra , IL-18, IL-33 Hematopoetin family (class I cytokines) IL2, IL3, IL4, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL12, IL13,IL15, IL21, GM-CSF, G-CSF Interferon family(class II cytokines) IFN α , IFN β , INF γ , IL10, IL19, IL20, IL22, IL24 Tumor necrosis family TNF α , TNF β , CD40L, Fas, BAFF Interleukin 17 family IL17 A, B, C, D, E, F Chemokines IL-8, CCL19, CCL21, CCL2, CCL3 Six major cytokine families

5. Stable polypeptide that retains its activity at high temperature. Stimulated by-Toxins, antigen, injury, inflammation. Inhibited by - C yclosporin A, corticosteroids, PGs. Stimulates IL-2 production from T cells. B cell proliferation and Ab synthesis. Neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis. Most important endogenous pyrogen. IL-1

6. T cell growth factor. Induces proliferation of activated T H, T c , Nk cells. Converts null cells(large granular lymphocytes) –Lymphokine activated killer(LAK) cells –Tumor cell destruction . IL-2

7. Interferon family

8. Activates resting macrophages into activated macrophages. Activates B cells to produce IgG. Promote inflammation of delayed type of hypersensitivity. Inhibit T H 2 cell proliferation. IFN - γ

9. Tumor necrosis family TNF- α and TNF- β Tumor cells-promote vascular thrombosis and tumor necrosis. Inflammatory cells-induce cytokine secretion. Induce lipolysis ( causes extensive weight loss associated with chronic inflammation). Antiviral and antiparasitic activity

10. IL-17 family

11. Role of cytokines in diseases

12. IFN - γ activates the resting macrophages into activated macrophages. Capable of killing and digesting tubercle bacilli. Defective IFN- γ can lead to mycobacterial infection. Tuberculosis

13. Pro-inflammatory cytokines - TNF- α , IL-1, IL-17. S timulates inflammation and degradation of bone and cartilage. Imbalance between pro and antiinflammatory cytokines –multisystem immune complications . Rheumatoid arthritis

14. Abnormalities in production of cytokines and receptors can leads to cancers . IL-6 can cause-multiple myeloma (B cell proliferation) and cervical and bladder cancer. Multiple myeloma, cervical and bladder cancer

15. Caused Trypanosoma cruzi . Inhibit IL2 α receptors Blocking IL2 action Inhibition of T H 1 activity and immunosuppression . Chagas disease

16. Toxic shock syndrome

17. Mechanism of fever by IL1 and TNF

18. Cytokines Disease IL 17 Glomerulonephritis IL1, IL6, IL 18, TNF α Diabetic nephropathy IL6, IFN γ Multiple sclerosis IL 1 α , IL1 β Alzheimers disease IL17, 1L 22 Psoriasis

19. A severe immune reaction in which the body releases too many cytokines into the blood too quickly. Sudden release in larger quantities leads to multiorgan failure and death. Cytokine storm ( Hypercytokinemia )

20. AGENT Nature of agent Clinical application Enbrel Chimeric TNF receptor Rheumatoid arthritis Humira Monoclonal Ab against TNF α receptor RA Crohns disease Roferon IFN α -2a Hepatitis B Hairy cell leukemia Kaposi sarcoma Intron IFN α -2b Hepatitis C Melanoma Betaseron IFN β -1b Multiple Sclerosis Avonex IFN β -1a Multiple Sclerosis Cytokine based therapies in clinical use

21. Agent Nature of agent Clinical application Actimmune IFN γ -1b CGD Osteopetrosis Neupogen G-CSF Stimulates the production of neutrophils . Reduction of infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy . Leukine GM-CSF Stimulates the production of myeloid cells after BM transplantation Neumega or neulasta IL11 Stimulates the production of platelets. Espogen Erythropoietin Stimulates blood cell production

22. Robbins and Cotran Pathological basis of disease 10 th edition;2021 Jones,Owen J Kuby Immunology 8 th edition New York: Macmillian education:2019 . Sastry AS, Bhat S. Essentials of medical microbiology. JP Medical Ltd 3 rd edition. Ananthanarayanan and Panikers textbook of microbiology 12 th edition . References