Dampak Positif Pariwisata Thd Ekonomi.pptx

imbas positif dari pariwisata terhadap ekonomi

1. Geografi pariwisata dampak ekonomi serta lingkungan

2. p ositive impact on economy Creating Jobs Direct Employment Which is employment generated from business that directly provides services to tourists Indirect Employment Refers to jobs of those people who either: serve both local people and tourists, or manufacture goods and provide services which are bought or used by business and organisations which serve tourists directly. Providing Tax Revenue Direct Taxes: Salary tax (on personal income) , Profit tax (on business), An increase in tourist expenses would result in an increase in income of people working in the tourism industry Indirect Taxes Turnover tax is paid on consumption. Expenditure tax is luxury tax paid on specific forms of consumption. Departure tax is pa id to the destination countries hotel room tax is paid for staying overnight in a hotel

3. 3. Improving the Balance of Payments The balance of payments is an accounting of the flow of goods, services and capital in and out of a country during a given period (usually a year). If a country pays, or agrees to pay out more money than it receives, it has a deficit balance of payments. If it receives more money than it pays, it has a surplus balance of payments. 4) Economic Growth and Living Standard Tourism contributes greatly to the diversification of the economy Tourism may also raise the living standard of local residents and may enjoy better facilities and a wider choice of goods and services. 5) Generating Income and the Linkage Effect Income is generated from wages and salaries, interest, rent and profits the benefits of tourism can spread throughout the whole economy by creating more jobs in other sectors of the economy

4. Negative Impacts on the Economy 1) High Consumer and Land Prices A flourishing tourism industry will place great pressure on the limited resources such as food, land, transport, electricity and water supply, etc. of the host economy 2) Over-dependency on Tourism High dependence occurs when a region becomes too dependent on tourism. Subsequent decline in the tourist flow to that region may greatly affect the economy of the area.

5. 3) Leakage Leakage is anything that causes the profits from tourism to drain out of the economic system (i) Import Leakage When the host country cannot supply the products required, it is common that destination countries will import goods and products from abroad to satisfy tourists’ demands, e.g. equipment, foods and drinks. (ii) Export Leakage an export leakage arises when overseas investors who finance the resorts and hotels take their profits back to their country of origin

6. The Flow of Money Theory First order effects The initial spending of tourists is at the start of the economic chain. Tourists can buy tourism products or services either directly or indirectly. In turn, these products and services can be provided either inside or outside the destination country. Second order effects Having received the initial spending by tourists and tour operators, T he tourism industry in its turn spends this extra income on inputs (consumption) and on the payment of the production factors, labour (wages), capital (interest) and entrepreneurship (profits).

7. Third order effects Returning to the flow of money, The owners of the production factors spend their income on consumption, savings or taxation. Savings and taxation can be seen as leakages but only temporary Savings are simply postponed consumption, part of tax revenues flow back into the economy in the form of government expenditure. The extra consumption expenditures from buying inputs and from spending production factor income can be directed towards imported products or locally produced products. (import leakage and the repatriation of money) Closing the cycle Now, the amount of money spent on locally produced goods enters the spending cycle again.

8. Positive Impacts on the Environment Preservation and Conservation of Environment Tourism can be seen as an alternative economic development which provides the necessary motive and money for preserving and conserving the natural resources for the continued enjoyment of both tourists and local residents. Enhancement of Environment Tourism also provides incentive for “cleaning up” the overall environment. This can be done through control of air, water, and noise pollution, littering and other environmental problems. Increasing Environmental Awareness Economic success of tourism will encourage local awareness (both the government and residents) of the importance of conservation of natural environment

9. Negative Impacts on the Environment 1) Environmental Pollution (Impact on abiotic environment ) (i) Water pollution (ii) Air pollution (iii) Soil pollution (iv) Noise pollution (v) Visual pollution 2) Ecological Disruption (Impact on biotic environment) Vegetation Wildlife Disruption

10. The criteria of environment impact assessment