Dante Alighieri -Inferno_power_point.ppt
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Oct 16, 2024
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About This Presentation
The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri is one of the most celebrated works in world literature. Written in the early 14th century, the poem is divided into three parts—Inferno (Hell), Purgatorio (Purgatory), and Paradiso (Paradise)—and chronicles the journey of Dante himself, both as a poet and as...
Slide Content
Answer the following Answer the following
questions about The questions about The
Divine Comedy by Dante Divine Comedy by Dante
Alighieri.Alighieri.
questions about The questions about The
Divine Comedy by Dante Divine Comedy by Dante
Alighieri.Alighieri.
1.1.What is the overall structure of What is the overall structure of
The Divine Comedy, and how is The Divine Comedy, and how is
it divided?it divided?
2.2.Who is the main character and Who is the main character and
narrator of the poem? narrator of the poem?
The Divine Comedy, and how is The Divine Comedy, and how is
it divided?it divided?
2.2.Who is the main character and Who is the main character and
narrator of the poem? narrator of the poem?
3. What role does Virgil play in 3. What role does Virgil play in
Dante’s journey?Dante’s journey?
4. What are the nine circles of Hell, 4. What are the nine circles of Hell,
and what sins do they represent?and what sins do they represent?
Dante’s journey?Dante’s journey?
4. What are the nine circles of Hell, 4. What are the nine circles of Hell,
and what sins do they represent?and what sins do they represent?
5. What is the purpose of Purgatory 5. What is the purpose of Purgatory
in The Divine Comedy?in The Divine Comedy?
6. How does the structure of 6. How does the structure of
Purgatory differ from that of Purgatory differ from that of
Hell?Hell?
in The Divine Comedy?in The Divine Comedy?
6. How does the structure of 6. How does the structure of
Purgatory differ from that of Purgatory differ from that of
Hell?Hell?
7. What are the seven deadly sins 7. What are the seven deadly sins
addressed in Purgatory, and how addressed in Purgatory, and how
are the souls punished? are the souls punished?
8.What are the major themes 8.What are the major themes
explored in The Divine Comedy?explored in The Divine Comedy?
addressed in Purgatory, and how addressed in Purgatory, and how
are the souls punished? are the souls punished?
8.What are the major themes 8.What are the major themes
explored in The Divine Comedy?explored in The Divine Comedy?
9. What is the significance of 9. What is the significance of
the title The Divine the title The Divine
Comedy?Comedy?
10. Why is Beatrice important 10. Why is Beatrice important
in The Divine Comedy?in The Divine Comedy?
the title The Divine the title The Divine
Comedy?Comedy?
10. Why is Beatrice important 10. Why is Beatrice important
in The Divine Comedy?in The Divine Comedy?
Abandon all hope ye who enter here.Abandon all hope ye who enter here.
How would you feel if these How would you feel if these
words were inscribed above words were inscribed above
the classroom door on your the classroom door on your
first day of classes next year? first day of classes next year?
How would you feel if these How would you feel if these
words were inscribed above words were inscribed above
the classroom door on your the classroom door on your
first day of classes next year? first day of classes next year?
Dante’s InfernoDante’s Inferno
The Details of The Details of
HellHell
The Details of The Details of
HellHell
Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri
Excommunicated from the Excommunicated from the
Roman Catholic Church.Roman Catholic Church.
Exiled from his home, Exiled from his home,
Florence, Italy.Florence, Italy.
Excommunicated from the Excommunicated from the
Roman Catholic Church.Roman Catholic Church.
Exiled from his home, Exiled from his home,
Florence, Italy.Florence, Italy.
Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri
Authored The Divine Comedy, an Authored The Divine Comedy, an
epic poem split into three parts: epic poem split into three parts:
The The InfernoInferno (Hell), (Hell), PurgatorioPurgatorio
(Purgatory), and (Purgatory), and ParadisoParadiso
(Paradise)(Paradise)
The Divine Comedy is a Religious The Divine Comedy is a Religious
AllegoryAllegory
Authored The Divine Comedy, an Authored The Divine Comedy, an
epic poem split into three parts: epic poem split into three parts:
The The InfernoInferno (Hell), (Hell), PurgatorioPurgatorio
(Purgatory), and (Purgatory), and ParadisoParadiso
(Paradise)(Paradise)
The Divine Comedy is a Religious The Divine Comedy is a Religious
AllegoryAllegory
AllegoryAllegory
““Is the discussion of one Is the discussion of one
subject by disguising it subject by disguising it
as another which as another which
resembles the first in resembles the first in
some striking way.” some striking way.”
““Is the discussion of one Is the discussion of one
subject by disguising it subject by disguising it
as another which as another which
resembles the first in resembles the first in
some striking way.” some striking way.”
AllegoryAllegory
Allegory is a way of Allegory is a way of
discussing or telling a story discussing or telling a story
about one thing by about one thing by
presenting it as something presenting it as something
else, which has a strong else, which has a strong
similarity.similarity.
Allegory is a way of Allegory is a way of
discussing or telling a story discussing or telling a story
about one thing by about one thing by
presenting it as something presenting it as something
else, which has a strong else, which has a strong
similarity.similarity.
It's like telling a hidden message or It's like telling a hidden message or
deeper meaning by using characters, deeper meaning by using characters,
events, or situations that resemble the events, or situations that resemble the
real subject. For example, a story real subject. For example, a story
about animals might really be about about animals might really be about
human behavior or society. The human behavior or society. The
surface story helps represent surface story helps represent
something more complex or abstract.something more complex or abstract.
It's like telling a hidden message or It's like telling a hidden message or
deeper meaning by using characters, deeper meaning by using characters,
events, or situations that resemble the events, or situations that resemble the
real subject. For example, a story real subject. For example, a story
about animals might really be about about animals might really be about
human behavior or society. The human behavior or society. The
surface story helps represent surface story helps represent
something more complex or abstract.something more complex or abstract.
Derived from Dante’s last name Derived from Dante’s last name
(Alighieri)(Alighieri)
In an allegory the characters, setting In an allegory the characters, setting
and plot have a hidden or symbolic and plot have a hidden or symbolic
meaning beyond their literal meaning beyond their literal
meaning. meaning.
An Allegory teaches a moral lesson.An Allegory teaches a moral lesson.
Derived from Dante’s last name Derived from Dante’s last name
(Alighieri)(Alighieri)
In an allegory the characters, setting In an allegory the characters, setting
and plot have a hidden or symbolic and plot have a hidden or symbolic
meaning beyond their literal meaning beyond their literal
meaning. meaning.
An Allegory teaches a moral lesson.An Allegory teaches a moral lesson.
VirgilVirgil
Roman author of Roman author of The The
AeneidAeneid, the national epic , the national epic
of Rome. of Rome.
Virgil is Dante’s guide Virgil is Dante’s guide
through Hell. through Hell.
Roman author of Roman author of The The
AeneidAeneid, the national epic , the national epic
of Rome. of Rome.
Virgil is Dante’s guide Virgil is Dante’s guide
through Hell. through Hell.
VirgilVirgil
““forbids me to come there…” forbids me to come there…”
Virgil lived and died before Virgil lived and died before
the establishment of Christ’s the establishment of Christ’s
teachings in Rome and teachings in Rome and
cannot therefore enter cannot therefore enter
Heaven.Heaven.
““forbids me to come there…” forbids me to come there…”
Virgil lived and died before Virgil lived and died before
the establishment of Christ’s the establishment of Christ’s
teachings in Rome and teachings in Rome and
cannot therefore enter cannot therefore enter
Heaven.Heaven.
The InfernoThe Inferno
Dante is the main character Dante is the main character
in The Divine Comedy. in The Divine Comedy.
The Inferno is a telling of The Inferno is a telling of
Dante’s journey through the Dante’s journey through the
nine circles of Hell. nine circles of Hell.
Dante is the main character Dante is the main character
in The Divine Comedy. in The Divine Comedy.
The Inferno is a telling of The Inferno is a telling of
Dante’s journey through the Dante’s journey through the
nine circles of Hell. nine circles of Hell.
The InfernoThe Inferno
Dante begins his journey through Dante begins his journey through
Hell on Good Friday and ends on Hell on Good Friday and ends on
Easter Sunday. Easter Sunday.
This symbolizes the journey of This symbolizes the journey of
Jesus, crucified on Good Friday, Jesus, crucified on Good Friday,
descended into Hell and was descended into Hell and was
resurrected to live again on Easter resurrected to live again on Easter
Sunday.Sunday.
Dante begins his journey through Dante begins his journey through
Hell on Good Friday and ends on Hell on Good Friday and ends on
Easter Sunday. Easter Sunday.
This symbolizes the journey of This symbolizes the journey of
Jesus, crucified on Good Friday, Jesus, crucified on Good Friday,
descended into Hell and was descended into Hell and was
resurrected to live again on Easter resurrected to live again on Easter
Sunday.Sunday.
The Nine Circles of HellThe Nine Circles of Hell
Circle 1- LIMBO Circle 1- LIMBO
Circle 2- The LustfulCircle 2- The Lustful
Circle 3- The GluttonousCircle 3- The Gluttonous
Circle 4- Misers and SpendthriftsCircle 4- Misers and Spendthrifts
Circle 5- Wrathful and SullenCircle 5- Wrathful and Sullen
Circle 6- HereticsCircle 6- Heretics
Circle 7- The Violent (Murder & Suicide) Circle 7- The Violent (Murder & Suicide)
Circle 8- The FraudulentCircle 8- The Fraudulent
Circle 9- Traitors Circle 9- Traitors
Circles 2-5 are
Sins without
Malice.
They do not hurt
others.
Circle 1- LIMBO Circle 1- LIMBO
Circle 2- The LustfulCircle 2- The Lustful
Circle 3- The GluttonousCircle 3- The Gluttonous
Circle 4- Misers and SpendthriftsCircle 4- Misers and Spendthrifts
Circle 5- Wrathful and SullenCircle 5- Wrathful and Sullen
Circle 6- HereticsCircle 6- Heretics
Circle 7- The Violent (Murder & Suicide) Circle 7- The Violent (Murder & Suicide)
Circle 8- The FraudulentCircle 8- The Fraudulent
Circle 9- Traitors Circle 9- Traitors
Circles 2-5 are
Sins without
Malice.
They do not hurt
others.
Canto I- Chapter 1Canto I- Chapter 1
The Dark Wood of Error: When Dante The Dark Wood of Error: When Dante
wrote The Divine Comedy he was wrote The Divine Comedy he was
going through his own mid-life crisis. going through his own mid-life crisis.
He had been abandoned and tossed He had been abandoned and tossed
aside by both church and country and aside by both church and country and
was now “lost,” experiencing a crisis of was now “lost,” experiencing a crisis of
faith.faith.
The Dark Wood of Error: When Dante The Dark Wood of Error: When Dante
wrote The Divine Comedy he was wrote The Divine Comedy he was
going through his own mid-life crisis. going through his own mid-life crisis.
He had been abandoned and tossed He had been abandoned and tossed
aside by both church and country and aside by both church and country and
was now “lost,” experiencing a crisis of was now “lost,” experiencing a crisis of
faith.faith.
““Midway in our life’s journey, I went Midway in our life’s journey, I went
astray from the straight road and woke astray from the straight road and woke
to find myself alone in a dark wood.”to find myself alone in a dark wood.”
Canto I, lines 1-3Canto I, lines 1-3
The Dark Wood of Error is symbolic of Dante’s The Dark Wood of Error is symbolic of Dante’s
“lost faith,” and the three beasts chasing him are “lost faith,” and the three beasts chasing him are
manifestations of Dante’s sin. manifestations of Dante’s sin.
His sins are quite literally chasing him to the His sins are quite literally chasing him to the
entrance of Hell.entrance of Hell.
The Leopard of Malice and FraudThe Leopard of Malice and Fraud
The Lion of Violence and AmbitionThe Lion of Violence and Ambition
The She-wolf of Incontinence The She-wolf of Incontinence
(Lack of self-restraint, especially with regard to sexual activity)(Lack of self-restraint, especially with regard to sexual activity)
astray from the straight road and woke astray from the straight road and woke
to find myself alone in a dark wood.”to find myself alone in a dark wood.”
Canto I, lines 1-3Canto I, lines 1-3
The Dark Wood of Error is symbolic of Dante’s The Dark Wood of Error is symbolic of Dante’s
“lost faith,” and the three beasts chasing him are “lost faith,” and the three beasts chasing him are
manifestations of Dante’s sin. manifestations of Dante’s sin.
His sins are quite literally chasing him to the His sins are quite literally chasing him to the
entrance of Hell.entrance of Hell.
The Leopard of Malice and FraudThe Leopard of Malice and Fraud
The Lion of Violence and AmbitionThe Lion of Violence and Ambition
The She-wolf of Incontinence The She-wolf of Incontinence
(Lack of self-restraint, especially with regard to sexual activity)(Lack of self-restraint, especially with regard to sexual activity)
Canto III- Chapter 3Canto III- Chapter 3
Virgil leads Dante through the Gates of Virgil leads Dante through the Gates of
Hell. Hell.
As they pass under them Dante reads the As they pass under them Dante reads the
inscription on the threshold: inscription on the threshold:
I am the way into the City of Woe.I am the way into the City of Woe.
I am the way to a Forsaken People.I am the way to a Forsaken People.
I am the way into eternal sorrow.I am the way into eternal sorrow.
Who do you think wrote this inscription?Who do you think wrote this inscription?
Virgil leads Dante through the Gates of Virgil leads Dante through the Gates of
Hell. Hell.
As they pass under them Dante reads the As they pass under them Dante reads the
inscription on the threshold: inscription on the threshold:
I am the way into the City of Woe.I am the way into the City of Woe.
I am the way to a Forsaken People.I am the way to a Forsaken People.
I am the way into eternal sorrow.I am the way into eternal sorrow.
Who do you think wrote this inscription?Who do you think wrote this inscription?
Abandon all hope ye who enter here.Abandon all hope ye who enter here.
This is the end of the fateful inscription This is the end of the fateful inscription
each of the damned would read as they each of the damned would read as they
entered into the gates of Hell. entered into the gates of Hell.
How would you feel if these words were How would you feel if these words were
inscribed above the classroom door on inscribed above the classroom door on
your first day of classes next year? your first day of classes next year?
This is the end of the fateful inscription This is the end of the fateful inscription
each of the damned would read as they each of the damned would read as they
entered into the gates of Hell. entered into the gates of Hell.
How would you feel if these words were How would you feel if these words were
inscribed above the classroom door on inscribed above the classroom door on
your first day of classes next year? your first day of classes next year?
The FerrymanThe Ferryman
In the entrance to Circle 1In the entrance to Circle 1 the the
dead must pay the Ferryman, dead must pay the Ferryman,
CharonCharon, to cross the , to cross the River River
AcheronAcheron. The souls of the . The souls of the
damned are in a hurry to cross the damned are in a hurry to cross the
river and appear before river and appear before MinosMinos for for
judgment. This is the beginning judgment. This is the beginning
of their punishment, the desperate of their punishment, the desperate
need to be punished despite their need to be punished despite their
despair at being in Hell.despair at being in Hell.
In the entrance to Circle 1In the entrance to Circle 1 the the
dead must pay the Ferryman, dead must pay the Ferryman,
CharonCharon, to cross the , to cross the River River
AcheronAcheron. The souls of the . The souls of the
damned are in a hurry to cross the damned are in a hurry to cross the
river and appear before river and appear before MinosMinos for for
judgment. This is the beginning judgment. This is the beginning
of their punishment, the desperate of their punishment, the desperate
need to be punished despite their need to be punished despite their
despair at being in Hell.despair at being in Hell.
MinosMinos is a mythological figure who is a mythological figure who
serves as the judge of the souls entering serves as the judge of the souls entering
Hell. He is depicted as a monstrous figure Hell. He is depicted as a monstrous figure
with a serpent-like tail. Minos' role is to with a serpent-like tail. Minos' role is to
determine the appropriate circle of Hell determine the appropriate circle of Hell
for each soul based on the sins they for each soul based on the sins they
committed during their lifetime.committed during their lifetime.
CharonCharon does not want to let Dante Pass does not want to let Dante Pass
because he is alive and does not belong in because he is alive and does not belong in
Hell.Hell.
MinosMinos is a mythological figure who is a mythological figure who
serves as the judge of the souls entering serves as the judge of the souls entering
Hell. He is depicted as a monstrous figure Hell. He is depicted as a monstrous figure
with a serpent-like tail. Minos' role is to with a serpent-like tail. Minos' role is to
determine the appropriate circle of Hell determine the appropriate circle of Hell
for each soul based on the sins they for each soul based on the sins they
committed during their lifetime.committed during their lifetime.
CharonCharon does not want to let Dante Pass does not want to let Dante Pass
because he is alive and does not belong in because he is alive and does not belong in
Hell.Hell.
Circle I- LIMBOCircle I- LIMBO
Fallen Angels- race endlessly after a Fallen Angels- race endlessly after a
blank flag; These are the fallen angels blank flag; These are the fallen angels
who took no stand for or against the who took no stand for or against the
rebellious angels during the War in rebellious angels during the War in
Heaven between Lucifer and God.Heaven between Lucifer and God.
They are now forced to run after a black They are now forced to run after a black
banner or flag because they chose no banner or flag because they chose no
banner to support in the war of Heaven. banner to support in the war of Heaven.
The race after the flag without stopping The race after the flag without stopping
for eternity. for eternity.
Fallen Angels- race endlessly after a Fallen Angels- race endlessly after a
blank flag; These are the fallen angels blank flag; These are the fallen angels
who took no stand for or against the who took no stand for or against the
rebellious angels during the War in rebellious angels during the War in
Heaven between Lucifer and God.Heaven between Lucifer and God.
They are now forced to run after a black They are now forced to run after a black
banner or flag because they chose no banner or flag because they chose no
banner to support in the war of Heaven. banner to support in the war of Heaven.
The race after the flag without stopping The race after the flag without stopping
for eternity. for eternity.
Also in Circle IAlso in Circle I
THE INNOCENT SOULSTHE INNOCENT SOULS ::
Blameless but un-baptized babiesBlameless but un-baptized babies
Great Pagan and Roman poets and Great Pagan and Roman poets and
philosophers comfortable (living in a castle) philosophers comfortable (living in a castle)
but separate forever from God.but separate forever from God.
Though they are in Hell, these souls live in Though they are in Hell, these souls live in
relative comfort. The only sin they relative comfort. The only sin they
committed was not being baptized as a committed was not being baptized as a
Christian.Christian.
THE INNOCENT SOULSTHE INNOCENT SOULS ::
Blameless but un-baptized babiesBlameless but un-baptized babies
Great Pagan and Roman poets and Great Pagan and Roman poets and
philosophers comfortable (living in a castle) philosophers comfortable (living in a castle)
but separate forever from God.but separate forever from God.
Though they are in Hell, these souls live in Though they are in Hell, these souls live in
relative comfort. The only sin they relative comfort. The only sin they
committed was not being baptized as a committed was not being baptized as a
Christian.Christian.
Virgil and Dante leave Limbo and moves into the Virgil and Dante leave Limbo and moves into the
22
ndnd
Circle. Circle.
Here is where Dante encounters those who suffer the Sins of
LUST and PHYSICAL PLEASURE
•Dante sees many historically famous
lovers during his time here.
Dante even gets to speak with a
couple who had recently died in his
time and went to hell for their sins.
•Francesca and Paolo tell Dante that
they were seduced by reading the
story of Lancelot and Guinevere, and
became lovers. Subsequently they
were surprised and murdered by
Francesca’s husband before they were
able to repent.
Virgil and Dante leave Limbo and moves into the Virgil and Dante leave Limbo and moves into the
22
ndnd
Circle. Circle.
Here is where Dante encounters those who suffer the Sins of
LUST and PHYSICAL PLEASURE
•Dante sees many historically famous
lovers during his time here.
Dante even gets to speak with a
couple who had recently died in his
time and went to hell for their sins.
•Francesca and Paolo tell Dante that
they were seduced by reading the
story of Lancelot and Guinevere, and
became lovers. Subsequently they
were surprised and murdered by
Francesca’s husband before they were
able to repent.
Circle II- The LustfulCircle II- The Lustful
The second circle is the real beginning of hell. The second circle is the real beginning of hell.
Here we see a giant tornado, sinners are whirled Here we see a giant tornado, sinners are whirled
by winds as in life they were helpless in by winds as in life they were helpless in
tempests of passion. tempests of passion.
Paolo and Francesca go swirling by in Canto 5. Paolo and Francesca go swirling by in Canto 5.
They were murdered before they could repent They were murdered before they could repent
carnal courtly love as sin. (Dido, Cleopatra, carnal courtly love as sin. (Dido, Cleopatra,
Anthony and Achilles are all also here) Anthony and Achilles are all also here)
These are all sinners of LUST and These are all sinners of LUST and
CARNAL/SEXUAL LOVECARNAL/SEXUAL LOVE
The second circle is the real beginning of hell. The second circle is the real beginning of hell.
Here we see a giant tornado, sinners are whirled Here we see a giant tornado, sinners are whirled
by winds as in life they were helpless in by winds as in life they were helpless in
tempests of passion. tempests of passion.
Paolo and Francesca go swirling by in Canto 5. Paolo and Francesca go swirling by in Canto 5.
They were murdered before they could repent They were murdered before they could repent
carnal courtly love as sin. (Dido, Cleopatra, carnal courtly love as sin. (Dido, Cleopatra,
Anthony and Achilles are all also here) Anthony and Achilles are all also here)
These are all sinners of LUST and These are all sinners of LUST and
CARNAL/SEXUAL LOVECARNAL/SEXUAL LOVE
Other Historic Lovers in Circle 2Other Historic Lovers in Circle 2
Dido – Queen of Carthage/Lover of AeneasDido – Queen of Carthage/Lover of Aeneas
Cleopatra- Queen of Egypt/Lover of Mark Cleopatra- Queen of Egypt/Lover of Mark
Anthony Anthony
Helen- Princess of Greece/Troy/Lover of Paris Helen- Princess of Greece/Troy/Lover of Paris
Isolde- Princess of Ireland/Lover of TristanIsolde- Princess of Ireland/Lover of Tristan
These lovers and more have been swept up in the
Tornado of their passion endlessly reaching for each
other, yet eternally kept apart by the winds of Hell.
Dido – Queen of Carthage/Lover of AeneasDido – Queen of Carthage/Lover of Aeneas
Cleopatra- Queen of Egypt/Lover of Mark Cleopatra- Queen of Egypt/Lover of Mark
Anthony Anthony
Helen- Princess of Greece/Troy/Lover of Paris Helen- Princess of Greece/Troy/Lover of Paris
Isolde- Princess of Ireland/Lover of TristanIsolde- Princess of Ireland/Lover of Tristan
These lovers and more have been swept up in the
Tornado of their passion endlessly reaching for each
other, yet eternally kept apart by the winds of Hell.
Circle III- The GluttonousCircle III- The Gluttonous
These are the sinners of EXCESS. These are the sinners of EXCESS.
People who eat too much, take too many drugs, People who eat too much, take too many drugs,
drink too much…drink too much…
This circle is guarded by Cerberus (from Greek This circle is guarded by Cerberus (from Greek
Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog who guarded the Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog who guarded the
entrance to the Greek Underworld) entrance to the Greek Underworld)
In Dante’s Inferno the 3 headed dog continuously In Dante’s Inferno the 3 headed dog continuously
chews on the sinners who are stuck in clumps of chews on the sinners who are stuck in clumps of
mud.mud.
Gluttons who feasted away their lives now lie like Gluttons who feasted away their lives now lie like
pigs in the mud while the three headed dog takes pigs in the mud while the three headed dog takes
him time eating them- forever.him time eating them- forever.
These are the sinners of EXCESS. These are the sinners of EXCESS.
People who eat too much, take too many drugs, People who eat too much, take too many drugs,
drink too much…drink too much…
This circle is guarded by Cerberus (from Greek This circle is guarded by Cerberus (from Greek
Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog who guarded the Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog who guarded the
entrance to the Greek Underworld) entrance to the Greek Underworld)
In Dante’s Inferno the 3 headed dog continuously In Dante’s Inferno the 3 headed dog continuously
chews on the sinners who are stuck in clumps of chews on the sinners who are stuck in clumps of
mud.mud.
Gluttons who feasted away their lives now lie like Gluttons who feasted away their lives now lie like
pigs in the mud while the three headed dog takes pigs in the mud while the three headed dog takes
him time eating them- forever.him time eating them- forever.
Circle III- The GluttonousCircle III- The Gluttonous
These are the sinners of EXCESS. These are the sinners of EXCESS.
People who eat too much, take too People who eat too much, take too
many drugs, drink too much…many drugs, drink too much…
This circle is guarded by This circle is guarded by
Cerberus Cerberus (from Greek (from Greek
Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog
who guarded the entrance to the who guarded the entrance to the
Greek Underworld) Greek Underworld)
These are the sinners of EXCESS. These are the sinners of EXCESS.
People who eat too much, take too People who eat too much, take too
many drugs, drink too much…many drugs, drink too much…
This circle is guarded by This circle is guarded by
Cerberus Cerberus (from Greek (from Greek
Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog Mythology, he is the 3 headed dog
who guarded the entrance to the who guarded the entrance to the
Greek Underworld) Greek Underworld)
Circle IV- Misers and SpendthriftsCircle IV- Misers and Spendthrifts
Misers are generally cheap old men who Misers are generally cheap old men who
hoard their money, like Ebenezer Scrooge.hoard their money, like Ebenezer Scrooge.
Spendthrifts are people who spend too Spendthrifts are people who spend too
much money.much money.
Pluto, Roman god of riches, guards the Pluto, Roman god of riches, guards the
entrance to the fourth circle. entrance to the fourth circle.
Sinners take turns rolling stones at each Sinners take turns rolling stones at each
other to crash against one another- other to crash against one another-
FOREVER.FOREVER.
Misers are generally cheap old men who Misers are generally cheap old men who
hoard their money, like Ebenezer Scrooge.hoard their money, like Ebenezer Scrooge.
Spendthrifts are people who spend too Spendthrifts are people who spend too
much money.much money.
Pluto, Roman god of riches, guards the Pluto, Roman god of riches, guards the
entrance to the fourth circle. entrance to the fourth circle.
Sinners take turns rolling stones at each Sinners take turns rolling stones at each
other to crash against one another- other to crash against one another-
FOREVER.FOREVER.
Circle V- Wrathful and SullenCircle V- Wrathful and Sullen
The Wrathful sought Revenge in life The Wrathful sought Revenge in life
while the Sullen were silently angry and while the Sullen were silently angry and
made others miserable with that anger.made others miserable with that anger.
The Styx (river of hate) forms a swamp The Styx (river of hate) forms a swamp
holding the openly wrathful who strike holding the openly wrathful who strike
and bite one another; the sullen lie and bite one another; the sullen lie
under the surface of the marsh, just as under the surface of the marsh, just as
their silent anger lay hidden during their their silent anger lay hidden during their
lives. lives.
The Wrathful sought Revenge in life The Wrathful sought Revenge in life
while the Sullen were silently angry and while the Sullen were silently angry and
made others miserable with that anger.made others miserable with that anger.
The Styx (river of hate) forms a swamp The Styx (river of hate) forms a swamp
holding the openly wrathful who strike holding the openly wrathful who strike
and bite one another; the sullen lie and bite one another; the sullen lie
under the surface of the marsh, just as under the surface of the marsh, just as
their silent anger lay hidden during their their silent anger lay hidden during their
lives. lives.
Dante wrote Dante wrote The Divine The Divine
ComedyComedy as a form of revenge as a form of revenge
against those that would send against those that would send
him into exile; this was his sin, him into exile; this was his sin,
which is why revenge is not which is why revenge is not
one of the more extremely one of the more extremely
punished sins. punished sins.
Dante wrote Dante wrote The Divine The Divine
ComedyComedy as a form of revenge as a form of revenge
against those that would send against those that would send
him into exile; this was his sin, him into exile; this was his sin,
which is why revenge is not which is why revenge is not
one of the more extremely one of the more extremely
punished sins. punished sins.
Circle VI- The HereticsCircle VI- The Heretics
Heretics choose their own opinions instead Heretics choose their own opinions instead
of following the teachings of the Church. of following the teachings of the Church.
Heretics are anyone who commits any Heretics are anyone who commits any
crime against the church. They get to crime against the church. They get to
spend eternity set on fire and then buried spend eternity set on fire and then buried
alive. Their bodies forever burning in their alive. Their bodies forever burning in their
graves.graves.
Atheists, or those who don’t believe in Atheists, or those who don’t believe in
God, are also here.God, are also here.
Heretics choose their own opinions instead Heretics choose their own opinions instead
of following the teachings of the Church. of following the teachings of the Church.
Heretics are anyone who commits any Heretics are anyone who commits any
crime against the church. They get to crime against the church. They get to
spend eternity set on fire and then buried spend eternity set on fire and then buried
alive. Their bodies forever burning in their alive. Their bodies forever burning in their
graves.graves.
Atheists, or those who don’t believe in Atheists, or those who don’t believe in
God, are also here.God, are also here.
Circle VII- Violence Circle VII- Violence
Violent Sinners are divided Violent Sinners are divided
into 3 sub-circles:into 3 sub-circles:
Violent against Neighbors Violent against Neighbors
Violent against Self Violent against Self
Violent against God Violent against God
Violent Sinners are divided Violent Sinners are divided
into 3 sub-circles:into 3 sub-circles:
Violent against Neighbors Violent against Neighbors
Violent against Self Violent against Self
Violent against God Violent against God
Circle VII- Violence Circle VII- Violence
First Ring: Violence against othersFirst Ring: Violence against others; ;
includes murderers and robbers - NOTE: includes murderers and robbers - NOTE:
Dante does not really distinguish between Dante does not really distinguish between
lives and property; stealing a life is the lives and property; stealing a life is the
same to Dante as stealing someone’s same to Dante as stealing someone’s
property. The damned are submerged in the property. The damned are submerged in the
Phlegethon – the river of blood, drowning Phlegethon – the river of blood, drowning
in the blood of all of Hell’s sinners. in the blood of all of Hell’s sinners.
First Ring: Violence against othersFirst Ring: Violence against others; ;
includes murderers and robbers - NOTE: includes murderers and robbers - NOTE:
Dante does not really distinguish between Dante does not really distinguish between
lives and property; stealing a life is the lives and property; stealing a life is the
same to Dante as stealing someone’s same to Dante as stealing someone’s
property. The damned are submerged in the property. The damned are submerged in the
Phlegethon – the river of blood, drowning Phlegethon – the river of blood, drowning
in the blood of all of Hell’s sinners. in the blood of all of Hell’s sinners.
Second Ring: Violence against Second Ring: Violence against
themselvesthemselves - suicides (wasted their - suicides (wasted their
bodies) and squanderers (wasted their bodies) and squanderers (wasted their
goods)goods)
Suicides (with harpies) - Harpies in Suicides (with harpies) - Harpies in
Greek Mythology steal anything, so Greek Mythology steal anything, so
here they symbolize stealing away of here they symbolize stealing away of
the souls by suicides, they puck out the the souls by suicides, they puck out the
eyes of their victims. Eyes are the eyes of their victims. Eyes are the
gateway to the soul.gateway to the soul.
Second Ring: Violence against Second Ring: Violence against
themselvesthemselves - suicides (wasted their - suicides (wasted their
bodies) and squanderers (wasted their bodies) and squanderers (wasted their
goods)goods)
Suicides (with harpies) - Harpies in Suicides (with harpies) - Harpies in
Greek Mythology steal anything, so Greek Mythology steal anything, so
here they symbolize stealing away of here they symbolize stealing away of
the souls by suicides, they puck out the the souls by suicides, they puck out the
eyes of their victims. Eyes are the eyes of their victims. Eyes are the
gateway to the soul.gateway to the soul.
Third Ring: Violence against GodThird Ring: Violence against God
- blasphemy and denial; the worst - blasphemy and denial; the worst
kind of violence in Dante's world-kind of violence in Dante's world-
view. Blasphemy can be anything- view. Blasphemy can be anything-
from denouncing God before a from denouncing God before a
crowd of people to saying the crowd of people to saying the
Lord’s name in vain.Lord’s name in vain.
Third Ring: Violence against GodThird Ring: Violence against God
- blasphemy and denial; the worst - blasphemy and denial; the worst
kind of violence in Dante's world-kind of violence in Dante's world-
view. Blasphemy can be anything- view. Blasphemy can be anything-
from denouncing God before a from denouncing God before a
crowd of people to saying the crowd of people to saying the
Lord’s name in vain.Lord’s name in vain.
Blasphemy: Blasphemy: Saying bad Saying bad
things about God or things about God or
showing disrespect. It can showing disrespect. It can
be things like publicly be things like publicly
denying God or using God's denying God or using God's
name in a disrespectful name in a disrespectful
way.way.
Blasphemy: Blasphemy: Saying bad Saying bad
things about God or things about God or
showing disrespect. It can showing disrespect. It can
be things like publicly be things like publicly
denying God or using God's denying God or using God's
name in a disrespectful name in a disrespectful
way.way.
Monsters as GuardsMonsters as Guards
Yet another Greek Mythological Yet another Greek Mythological
reference mentioned in The Inferno is the reference mentioned in The Inferno is the
character of Chiron – the centaur teacher character of Chiron – the centaur teacher
of Hercules.of Hercules.
Warrior-centaurs patrol this entire circle; Warrior-centaurs patrol this entire circle;
they are half man, half horse and easily they are half man, half horse and easily
angered; they patrol & torture those who angered; they patrol & torture those who
killed others violently. killed others violently.
Yet another Greek Mythological Yet another Greek Mythological
reference mentioned in The Inferno is the reference mentioned in The Inferno is the
character of Chiron – the centaur teacher character of Chiron – the centaur teacher
of Hercules.of Hercules.
Warrior-centaurs patrol this entire circle; Warrior-centaurs patrol this entire circle;
they are half man, half horse and easily they are half man, half horse and easily
angered; they patrol & torture those who angered; they patrol & torture those who
killed others violently. killed others violently.
Circle VIII- FraudCircle VIII- Fraud
There are ten different sub-circles of FraudThere are ten different sub-circles of Fraud..
1.Panderers/Seducers (those who tell you what you want 1.Panderers/Seducers (those who tell you what you want
to hear to get something from you)to hear to get something from you)
2.Flatterers2.Flatterers
3.Simoniacs (sell church favor)3.Simoniacs (sell church favor)
4.Fortunetellers4.Fortunetellers
5.Grafters (sell political favor)5.Grafters (sell political favor)
6.Hypocrites6.Hypocrites
7.Thieves7.Thieves
8.Evil Counselors8.Evil Counselors
9.Sowers of Discord9.Sowers of Discord
10.Falsifiers (Alchemists & Counterfeiters)10.Falsifiers (Alchemists & Counterfeiters)
There are ten different sub-circles of FraudThere are ten different sub-circles of Fraud..
1.Panderers/Seducers (those who tell you what you want 1.Panderers/Seducers (those who tell you what you want
to hear to get something from you)to hear to get something from you)
2.Flatterers2.Flatterers
3.Simoniacs (sell church favor)3.Simoniacs (sell church favor)
4.Fortunetellers4.Fortunetellers
5.Grafters (sell political favor)5.Grafters (sell political favor)
6.Hypocrites6.Hypocrites
7.Thieves7.Thieves
8.Evil Counselors8.Evil Counselors
9.Sowers of Discord9.Sowers of Discord
10.Falsifiers (Alchemists & Counterfeiters)10.Falsifiers (Alchemists & Counterfeiters)
The Fraud Monster- a reference to The Fraud Monster- a reference to
the Serpent Archetypethe Serpent Archetype
The Circle of Fraud starts at the The Circle of Fraud starts at the
base of an abyss, so Dante and base of an abyss, so Dante and
Virgil must descend on the back of Virgil must descend on the back of
the Fraud Monster, Geryon.the Fraud Monster, Geryon.
..
the Serpent Archetypethe Serpent Archetype
The Circle of Fraud starts at the The Circle of Fraud starts at the
base of an abyss, so Dante and base of an abyss, so Dante and
Virgil must descend on the back of Virgil must descend on the back of
the Fraud Monster, Geryon.the Fraud Monster, Geryon.
..
Geryon has a pleasant face and a Geryon has a pleasant face and a
snake-like body, to symbolize the snake-like body, to symbolize the
pleasant first appearance of fraud and pleasant first appearance of fraud and
its twisted snake-like dealings. its twisted snake-like dealings.
This is very much like the pleasant This is very much like the pleasant
first appearance of the snake in the first appearance of the snake in the
Garden of Eden as the friend and Garden of Eden as the friend and
advisor of Eve. The snake gives a false advisor of Eve. The snake gives a false
appearance in order to trick Eve into appearance in order to trick Eve into
eating the apple.eating the apple.
Geryon has a pleasant face and a Geryon has a pleasant face and a
snake-like body, to symbolize the snake-like body, to symbolize the
pleasant first appearance of fraud and pleasant first appearance of fraud and
its twisted snake-like dealings. its twisted snake-like dealings.
This is very much like the pleasant This is very much like the pleasant
first appearance of the snake in the first appearance of the snake in the
Garden of Eden as the friend and Garden of Eden as the friend and
advisor of Eve. The snake gives a false advisor of Eve. The snake gives a false
appearance in order to trick Eve into appearance in order to trick Eve into
eating the apple.eating the apple.
Circle IX- TraitorsCircle IX- Traitors
Dante was betrayed by his Dante was betrayed by his
countrymen and fellow countrymen and fellow
politicians. This betrayal sent politicians. This betrayal sent
him into exile which is why him into exile which is why
betrayal is considered the most betrayal is considered the most
serious sin in Dante’s version serious sin in Dante’s version
of Hell.of Hell.
Dante was betrayed by his Dante was betrayed by his
countrymen and fellow countrymen and fellow
politicians. This betrayal sent politicians. This betrayal sent
him into exile which is why him into exile which is why
betrayal is considered the most betrayal is considered the most
serious sin in Dante’s version serious sin in Dante’s version
of Hell.of Hell.
The 9The 9
thth
Circle of hell consists of a Circle of hell consists of a
frozen lake of ice; Satan is frozen frozen lake of ice; Satan is frozen
from the shoulders down at the center. from the shoulders down at the center.
Satan’s wings continuously flap as he Satan’s wings continuously flap as he
tries to get free from his frozen jail. tries to get free from his frozen jail.
The wind created by his wings is what The wind created by his wings is what
actually freezes the lake and makes actually freezes the lake and makes
the rest of the circle cold. the rest of the circle cold.
In essence, he is trapping himself.In essence, he is trapping himself.
The 9The 9
thth
Circle of hell consists of a Circle of hell consists of a
frozen lake of ice; Satan is frozen frozen lake of ice; Satan is frozen
from the shoulders down at the center. from the shoulders down at the center.
Satan’s wings continuously flap as he Satan’s wings continuously flap as he
tries to get free from his frozen jail. tries to get free from his frozen jail.
The wind created by his wings is what The wind created by his wings is what
actually freezes the lake and makes actually freezes the lake and makes
the rest of the circle cold. the rest of the circle cold.
In essence, he is trapping himself.In essence, he is trapping himself.
Canto XXXIV (34)Canto XXXIV (34)
““On march the banners of the King of On march the banners of the King of
Hell,” my Master said. “Torward us. Hell,” my Master said. “Torward us.
Look straight ahead: can you make him Look straight ahead: can you make him
out at the core of the frozen shell?”out at the core of the frozen shell?”
As Canto XXXIV begins Virgil is As Canto XXXIV begins Virgil is
leading Dante down into the very last leading Dante down into the very last
circle of Hell. circle of Hell.
““On march the banners of the King of On march the banners of the King of
Hell,” my Master said. “Torward us. Hell,” my Master said. “Torward us.
Look straight ahead: can you make him Look straight ahead: can you make him
out at the core of the frozen shell?”out at the core of the frozen shell?”
As Canto XXXIV begins Virgil is As Canto XXXIV begins Virgil is
leading Dante down into the very last leading Dante down into the very last
circle of Hell. circle of Hell.
SatanSatan
Satan has three faces. Satan has three faces.
In each mouth is a historic betrayer eternally In each mouth is a historic betrayer eternally
being chewed on. being chewed on.
In mouth 1 and mouth 2 are Brutus and Cassius In mouth 1 and mouth 2 are Brutus and Cassius
the assassinators of Julius Caesar (considered the the assassinators of Julius Caesar (considered the
greatest Roman leader who sacrificed his life for greatest Roman leader who sacrificed his life for
his country.)his country.)
In Mouth 3 is Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus In Mouth 3 is Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus
Christ to his enemies. Christ was put to death Christ to his enemies. Christ was put to death
sacrificing his life for his people. sacrificing his life for his people.
Satan has three faces. Satan has three faces.
In each mouth is a historic betrayer eternally In each mouth is a historic betrayer eternally
being chewed on. being chewed on.
In mouth 1 and mouth 2 are Brutus and Cassius In mouth 1 and mouth 2 are Brutus and Cassius
the assassinators of Julius Caesar (considered the the assassinators of Julius Caesar (considered the
greatest Roman leader who sacrificed his life for greatest Roman leader who sacrificed his life for
his country.)his country.)
In Mouth 3 is Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus In Mouth 3 is Judas Iscariot who betrayed Jesus
Christ to his enemies. Christ was put to death Christ to his enemies. Christ was put to death
sacrificing his life for his people. sacrificing his life for his people.
They observe that Satan has three faces. They observe that Satan has three faces.
This is a gross parody of the Catholic This is a gross parody of the Catholic
Holy Trinity. Holy Trinity.
Dante and Virgil have to actually climb Dante and Virgil have to actually climb
around Satan in order to reach the exit of around Satan in order to reach the exit of
Hell. Hell.
This is the end of Dante’s journey This is the end of Dante’s journey
through Hell. Virgil must leave him at the through Hell. Virgil must leave him at the
bottom of the mountain of Purgatory to bottom of the mountain of Purgatory to
climb up and out of Hell alone.climb up and out of Hell alone.
They observe that Satan has three faces. They observe that Satan has three faces.
This is a gross parody of the Catholic This is a gross parody of the Catholic
Holy Trinity. Holy Trinity.
Dante and Virgil have to actually climb Dante and Virgil have to actually climb
around Satan in order to reach the exit of around Satan in order to reach the exit of
Hell. Hell.
This is the end of Dante’s journey This is the end of Dante’s journey
through Hell. Virgil must leave him at the through Hell. Virgil must leave him at the
bottom of the mountain of Purgatory to bottom of the mountain of Purgatory to
climb up and out of Hell alone.climb up and out of Hell alone.
The final Circle of Hell is divided The final Circle of Hell is divided
into 4 sub circles:into 4 sub circles:
Traitors to KindredTraitors to Kindred or family- Caina named after or family- Caina named after
Cain, the first murderer of a kinsman Cain, the first murderer of a kinsman
Traitors to CountryTraitors to Country - Antenora; named after the - Antenora; named after the
Trojan Antenor who in the Middle Ages was Trojan Antenor who in the Middle Ages was
believed to have betrayed Troy to the Greeks.
believed to have betrayed Troy to the Greeks.
Traitors to GuestsTraitors to Guests - Ptolomea, named after Ptolemy, - Ptolomea, named after Ptolemy,
a captain of Jericho who invited guests to a banquet a captain of Jericho who invited guests to a banquet
and then murdered them while
they were eating.
and then murdered them while
they were eating.
into 4 sub circles:into 4 sub circles:
Traitors to KindredTraitors to Kindred or family- Caina named after or family- Caina named after
Cain, the first murderer of a kinsman Cain, the first murderer of a kinsman
Traitors to CountryTraitors to Country - Antenora; named after the - Antenora; named after the
Trojan Antenor who in the Middle Ages was Trojan Antenor who in the Middle Ages was
believed to have betrayed Troy to the Greeks.
believed to have betrayed Troy to the Greeks.
Traitors to GuestsTraitors to Guests - Ptolomea, named after Ptolemy, - Ptolomea, named after Ptolemy,
a captain of Jericho who invited guests to a banquet a captain of Jericho who invited guests to a banquet
and then murdered them while
they were eating.
and then murdered them while
they were eating.
Traitors to MastersTraitors to Masters (or benefactors) (or benefactors)
- Judecca is where Satan is munching on Judas, - Judecca is where Satan is munching on Judas,
Cassius and Brutus Cassius and Brutus
Judecca is named for Judas Iscariot who betrayed Judecca is named for Judas Iscariot who betrayed
Christ. Also includes Cassius and Brutus who Christ. Also includes Cassius and Brutus who
betrayed Julius Caesar. This puts together the betrayed Julius Caesar. This puts together the
betrayal of masters of betrayal of masters of Church and State.Church and State.
The frozen center contains Satan - total absence of The frozen center contains Satan - total absence of
goodness; absolute distance from God; Virgil and goodness; absolute distance from God; Virgil and
Dante climb down Satan's side to the center of the Dante climb down Satan's side to the center of the
earth; exit Hell, and start climbing up toward earth; exit Hell, and start climbing up toward
Purgatory, but that's another story.Purgatory, but that's another story.
- Judecca is where Satan is munching on Judas, - Judecca is where Satan is munching on Judas,
Cassius and Brutus Cassius and Brutus
Judecca is named for Judas Iscariot who betrayed Judecca is named for Judas Iscariot who betrayed
Christ. Also includes Cassius and Brutus who Christ. Also includes Cassius and Brutus who
betrayed Julius Caesar. This puts together the betrayed Julius Caesar. This puts together the
betrayal of masters of betrayal of masters of Church and State.Church and State.
The frozen center contains Satan - total absence of The frozen center contains Satan - total absence of
goodness; absolute distance from God; Virgil and goodness; absolute distance from God; Virgil and
Dante climb down Satan's side to the center of the Dante climb down Satan's side to the center of the
earth; exit Hell, and start climbing up toward earth; exit Hell, and start climbing up toward
Purgatory, but that's another story.Purgatory, but that's another story.
The Image of StarsThe Image of Stars
As a part of the epic’s symbolism, Dante ends each of As a part of the epic’s symbolism, Dante ends each of
the three parts of the three parts of The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy with the word with the word
“stars.”“stars.”
Every conclusion of the upward soul is toward the Every conclusion of the upward soul is toward the
stars, God’s shining symbols of hope and virtue.stars, God’s shining symbols of hope and virtue.
At the end of each part in At the end of each part in The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy Dante Dante
also travels upward in pursuit of his journey to also travels upward in pursuit of his journey to
salvation.salvation.
Further symbolism can be found in the mythological Further symbolism can be found in the mythological
names of the constellations. Further emphasizing the names of the constellations. Further emphasizing the
Greek/Roman mythological influences in the work.Greek/Roman mythological influences in the work.
As a part of the epic’s symbolism, Dante ends each of As a part of the epic’s symbolism, Dante ends each of
the three parts of the three parts of The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy with the word with the word
“stars.”“stars.”
Every conclusion of the upward soul is toward the Every conclusion of the upward soul is toward the
stars, God’s shining symbols of hope and virtue.stars, God’s shining symbols of hope and virtue.
At the end of each part in At the end of each part in The Divine ComedyThe Divine Comedy Dante Dante
also travels upward in pursuit of his journey to also travels upward in pursuit of his journey to
salvation.salvation.
Further symbolism can be found in the mythological Further symbolism can be found in the mythological
names of the constellations. Further emphasizing the names of the constellations. Further emphasizing the
Greek/Roman mythological influences in the work.Greek/Roman mythological influences in the work.
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