Data base management system Cheat Sheet.

This is the cheat sheet of Data base management system part-1.

1. IMS Visual Cheat Sheet (All 3 Units)
Option B: Visual + Examples (Color Edition)
UNIT 1 – Database Management Basics
IMS (Information Management System) – software that collects, stores, manages, and distributes
data.
Example: SR University IMS manages student records, courses, and attendance.
DBMS Features – Data integrity, Security, Concurrency, Backup, and Data independence.
Model Structure Example Use Case
Hierarchical Tree (Parent–Child) IBM IMS Banking Systems
Network Graph (Many-to-Many) CODASYL Manufacturing
Relational Tables MySQL University DB
NoSQL JSON / Key-Value MongoDB Social Media Apps
Architecture: Centralized | Distributed | Cloud
Example: AWS RDS – Cloud DB for scalable access.
UNIT 2 – Relational Model, ER & SQL
ER Model = Entities, Attributes, Relationships.
Example: Online Bookstore – Customer places Order, Order contains Book.
Category Commands Use
DDL CREATE, ALTER, DROP Define tables
DML INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT Manage data
DCL GRANT, REVOKE Access control
TCL COMMIT, ROLLBACK Transactions
Joins: INNER | LEFT | RIGHT | FULL | SELF | CROSS
Example: Student JOIN Course ON Student.CourseID = Course.ID
UNIT 3 – Functional Dependencies & Normalization
FD: If A ® B, A determines B. Example: RollNo ® Name
Anomalies: Insertion, Update, Deletion
Normalization removes redundancy and anomalies.
Form Removes Rule / Example
1NF Repeating groups Atomic values only

2. 2NF Partial dependency On full key only
3NF Transitive dependency Non-key depends only on key
BCNF Non-key determinants Every determinant is key
Example: StudentID, Course ® Instructor ® Normalize into separate tables.
Final Result: Cleaner DB, less redundancy, high consistency.