Data flow, networking

About data flow, signals, network addressing, devices

1. Assignment on Data flow, Signals, Networking addressing, Devices Course Title : Data Communication Course Code : CSE-313 Submitted To Submitted By Pranab Bandhu Nath Lamya Mutassim Lecturer ID: 1834902169 City University Batch:49(B) B.Sc. in CSE

2. Data Communications Data communication is defined as exchanges of data between two devices via some form of transmission media such as cable, wire or it can be air or vacuum also. There are mainly five components of a data communication system. They are: Sender: Sender or source transform message to destination. Receiver: Receiver or destination receives message from source. Message: It refers to data or piece of information which is to be communicated Transmission medium: It is physical path by which data or message travels from sender to receiver. Transmission medium could be with wires or without wires. F or example twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc. Protocol: The protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication.

3. Data Flow Communication between any two devices can be simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex . Simplex: The communication is unidirectional. Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit; the other can only receive. Half-duplex: Only one of the two devices on a link can transmit; the other can only receive. Full-duplex: In full-duplex mode both devices can transmit and receive .

4. Signals There are two types of signals in data transfer: Analog signal: Analog signal are continuous and passes through or includes an infinite number of continuous values along its path. Digital signal: Digital signal can have only a limited number of defined values. Each value can be any number, it is as simple as 0 and 1.

5. Networking Devices Mainly four devices are used in networking: Modem: Modem is a device that enables a computer to send or receive data over telephone or cable lines. The main function of the modem is to convert digital signal into analog and vice versa . Hub: A common connection point for devices in a network. It contains multiple ports. Switch: It is a small hardware device that joins multiple computers together within one local area network. Router: It is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork.

6. Network addressing or Data addressing A network address is an identifier for a node or host on a telecommunications network. Network addresses are designed to be unique identifiers across the network, although some networks allow for local, private addresses, or locally administered addresses that may not be unique . Network addressing are two types: Physical: MAC address is called physical address, which is 48 bit. Logical: IP address is called logical address, which is 32 bit. The range of IP address is 0-255. Range are classified in five classes. Class a: 1-126 Class b: 128-191 Class c: 192-223 Class d: 224-239 Class e: 240-255 127 is called loop back address.