Data What is Data.. - Computer E Learning

What is Data
INTRODUCTION:
Data is Derived from Latin word “Datum” to mean “Transmittable” and Storable Computer information”.

DEFINITION:
Collection of Raw “FACTS” and “FIGURE” is called Data.
The word “Raw” means that the fact have yet not been processed to get their exact meaning.
Data is collected from different source. It is called for different purpose.
It is meaningless

1. data WHAT IS ABDUL QAYOOM MANGRIO

2. DATA INFORMATION DATA MEASURMENT UNITS DATA PROCESSING DATA PROCSSING TYPES DATA PROCESSING OPERATIONS DATA PROCESSING CYCLE CONTENTS

3. (1) data

4. data INTRODUCTION: Data is Derived from Latin word “Datum” to mean “Transmittable” and Storable Computer information”.

5. data DEFINITION: Collection of Raw “FACTS” and “FIGURE” is called Data. The word “Raw” means that the fact have yet not been processed to get their exact meaning. Data is collected from different source. It is called for different purpose. It is meaningless

6. data FACTS Alphabetic (A-Z) Special Characters (+,-,x,/) Number (0-9) Date & Time (MM-DD-YY) FIGURES Pictures Images Graphics Maps Video Files Sound Files etc.

7. (2) INFORMATION

8. INFORMATION INTRODUCTION: "Information" is an older word that dates back to the 1300s and has Old French and Middle English origins. It has always referred to "the act of informing, " usually in regard to education, instruction, or other knowledge communication.

9. INFORMATION DEFINATION: When data is processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called information.

10. (3) Data MEASURMENT UNITS

11. DATA MEASURMENT UNITs BIT (Binary Digit): The smallest unit of measurement used for measuring data is a bit. A single bit can have a value of either 0 or 1. It may contain a binary value (such as On/Off or True/False), but nothing more. Therefore, a byte, or eight bits, is used as the fundamental unit of measurement for data.

12. A byte can store 28 or 256 different values, which is sufficient to represent standard ASCII characters, such as letters, numbers and symbols. 8Bits = 1Byte 4Bits Contain 1Nibbles Keyboard 8 Bits send to CPU (Central Processing Unit) DATA MEASURMENT UNITs

13. NIBBLES: DATA MEASURMENT UNITs 2 Nibbles = 8 Bits 1N 1N 4 Bits = 1 Nibble 2 Nibbles = 1Byte 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4 bits 4 bits

14. BYTE: DATA MEASURMENT UNITs 8 bits = 1Byte 1 Byte = 2 Nibbles 1 Byte = 1 Character and space 8 bits = 1Byte 4bits 4bits 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

15. DATA MEASURMENT UNITs EXAMPLE: 5 Char 6 Char 7 Char 5+6+7 = 18 Characters + 2 Spaces = 20 Bytes 20(bytes)*8(bits)= 160 Bits 20(bytes)*2(nibbles) = 40 Nibbles 1 Character = 1 Byte 1 Space = 1Byte ABDUL QAYOOM MANGRIO 4 Bits 8 Bits = 1 Byte 4 Bits 1N 1N 1 Space 1 2 3 4 5 1 3 4 2 5 7 6 1 3 4 2 5 6 1 Space

16. DATA MEASURMENT UNITs UNIT ABBERIVATION STORAGE BIT B BINARY DIGIT (single 0 & 1) NIBBLE - 4 BITS BYTE/OCTET B 8 BITS KILOBYTE KB 1024 BYTES MEGABYTE MB 1024 KB GIGABYTE GB 1024 MB TERABAYTE TB 1024 GB PETABYTE PB 1024 TB EXABYTE EB 1024 PB ZETTABYTE ZB 1024 EB YOTTABYTE YB 1024 ZB

17. (4) Data PROCESSING

18. Data processing Converting data into information is called data processing Stages of Data Processing are: DATA COLLECTION DATA PREPRATION INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT STORAGE

19. 1) COLLECTION: The first step of the collection cycle is, and very important, because the data collected will affect the production of a huge number . METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION OBSERVATION INTERVIEW QUESTIONNAIRE DATABASE Data processing

20. 2) PREPRATION: There is a pair of data in a suitable format for further analysis and processing. Raw data can not be processed and checked for its accuracy. Data processing

21. 3) INPUT: This is the work where the verified data is coded or the machine turns into a readable form so that it can be processed by a computer. Data is accessed using a keyboard, digital, scanner, or data entry from an existing source. Data processing

22. 4) PROCESS: Transforming raw data into information by performing under actual data manipulation techniques. INSTRUCTIONS SOFTWARES CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT Users Instructions Used to Process the data according to given instructions How it Works: Used to give instruction to process data Data processing

23. 5) OUTPUT: Any information that has been processed by and sent out from a computer or similar device is considered. Activities in Output are: DECODING COMMUNICATION RETRIEVAL Convert Encoded data to intelligible language Generate output shipped to various locations to be used individually The storage can be restored at any time stored on the media Data processing

24. 6) STORAGE: The last step in the data processing cycle is where data, directions and information are held for future use. Data processing

25. (4) Data PROCESSING TYPES

26. Data processing TYPES 1) MANUAL DATA PROCESSING: In this method data is processed manually without the use of a machine, tool or electronic device. Data is processed manually, and all the calculations and logical operations are performed manually on the data.

27. 2) ELECTROMECHANICAL DATA PROCESSING (EMDP): Data processing is done by use of a mechanical device or very simple electronic devices like calculator and typewriters. When the need for processing is simple, this method can be adopted. Data processing TYPES

28. 3) ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP): This is the modern and fastest technique to process data. The technology used is latest as this method used computers and employed in most of the agencies. The use of software forms the part of this type of data processing. The data is processed through a computer. Data processing TYPES CONTINUE

29. Data and set of instructions are given to the computer as input, and the computer automatically processes the data according to the given set of instructions. The computer is also known as electronic data processing machine. Data processing TYPES

30. (4) Data PROCESSING OPERATIONS SORTING

31. Data processing operations INTRODUCTION A data processing procedure normally consists of a number of basic processing operations performed in some order (not necessarily the order of their description below). The means of performing the processing operation vary according to whether manual, electro-mechanical, or electronic methods are used. Many business find that the best solution to their processing requirements is to use a combination of methods. e.g., manual may be used for small-volume jobs while computers may be used for large-volume tasks CONTINUE

32. e.g., manual may be used for small-volume jobs while computers may be used for large-volume tasks Recording Verifying Duplicating Classifying Sorting Calculating Data processing operations Summarizing & Reports Merging Storing Retrieving Feedback

33. Data processing operations RECORDING: Recording refers to the transfer of data onto some form of documents. VERFYING: Since recording is usually a manual operation, it is important that recorded data be carefully checked for any errors. 3) DUPLICATING: It is sometimes necessary or desirable to copy or duplicate data.

34. Data processing operations 4) CLASSIFYING: This operation separates data into various categories. Identifying are arranging items with like characteristics into groups or classes. 5) SORTING: Arranging data in a specific order is called sorting. 6) CALCULATING: Arithmetic manipulation of the data is known as calculating.

35. 7) SUMMARIZING & REPORTING: A collection of data is condensed and certain conclusions from the data are represented in a meaningful format. 8) MERGING: This operation takes two or more sets of data, all sets having been sorted by the same key, and puts then together to form a single sorted set of data. Data processing operations

36. 9) STORING: Placing similar data into files for future references is storing. 10) RETRIEVING: Recovering stored data and/or information when needed is the retrieving step. 11) FEEDBACK: Feedback is the comparison of the output(s) and the goal set in advance; and discrepancy is analyze, corrected, and fed back to the proper stage in the processing operation. Data processing operations

37. (4) Data PROCESSING CYCLE

38. PROCESSING COLLECTION PREPRATION INPUT Data processing CYCLE STORAGE OUTPUT

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