Date palm

the ppt explain all type of date palm and uses and area founded

1. Date palm Yusur alani 500315002

2. Date palm Botanical name phoenix dactylifera family: Arecaceae Originated probably from land around Iraq Cultivated in Egypt as early as 4000 BCE for wine . In Arabia it was cultivated in 6000 BCE ago Evident shows that it was cultivated in western Pakistan in 7000 BCE (mehrgarh) Indus valley.

3. Dates **** The fruit is known as a date Dates are oval-cylindrical, 3–7 cm long, and 2–3 cm (0.79–1.18 in) diameter, and when ripe, range from bright red to bright yellow in color, depending on variety. Three main cultivar groups of date exist : soft( ' Barhee )‘ semi-dry (' Dayri ‘ , and dry ( ' Thoory ) depends on the glucose , fructose and sucrose content.

4. Planting Density May lose up to 25% of planted offshoots 1 male plant for 50 female plants Precocity Blooms within 3 years First commercial crop in 5-6 years Young date palm orchard

5. Planting Precocity Full production 8-10 to 60 years After 60-80 years productivity decreases Tree growth 1-1.5’ (30-45 cm) per year By 15-20 years old is 20’ tall

6. NATURAL POLINATION OF DATE PALM The date palm is dioecious , having separate male and female plants. They can be easily grown from seed. Most of them are cross pollinated it is possible between Arabian date palm and Indian sugar date P.sylvestris khajur in Bengali

7. Date palms can take 4 to 8 years after planting before they will bear fruit, and produce viable yields for commercial harvest between 7 to 10 years . Mature date palms can produce 68 to 176 kilograms In order to get fruit of marketable quality, the bunches of dates must be thinned and bagged or covered before ripening so that the remaining fruits grow larger and are protected from weather and pests such as birds.

8. How date palm pollination is done by skilled labourers on ladders . In some areas such as Iraq the pollinator climbs the tree using a special climbing tool that wraps around the tree trunk and the climber's back to keep him attached to the trunk while climbing . Less often the pollen may be blown onto the female flowers by a wind machine.

9. stages of dates its ripen in four stages, which are known throughout the world by their Arabic names : KIMRI (unripe), - 1 st 17 weeks Green, hard, bitter, 80% moisture 50% sugars KHLAL (full-size , crunchy ), yellow, orange or red color RUTAB - weeks 24 to 27 Half ripe, soft apex and change to light brown TAMER (ripe , sun-dried) - weeks 28 and 29 Hazel to dark brown Wrinkled Low respiration Cells disorganized

10. Cultivars large number of date cultivars are grown. The most important are: Ajwah  — from Medina in Saudi Arabia ʿAbid Rahim from Sudan Datça  — in Turkey Zahidi in iraq Tamej  — in Libya Medjool in from Morocco

11. TYPE OF DATES

12. Production Top ten date producers — 2012 (1000 metric tonnes )   Egypt 1470   Iran 1066   Saudi Arabia 1050   Algeria 789   Iraq 650   Pakistan 600   Oman 270   United Arab Emirates 250   Tunisia 190   Libya 170 Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO ) .

13. Contents dates Energy 1.178 kj Carbohydrates 75.03 g Sugars 63.6g Fiber 8g Protein 2.45 g Vitamins 55%(A,B1,B2,B3,B4,C,E,K ,pantothenic acid) Minerals ( calcium, iron, sodium, zinc, phosphorus) Other constituents water 20.53 g

14. Dates are good for : Immediate energy replenishment Abdominal cancer orevention Treating constipation Weight gain Sexual health Reduce the risk of stroke Diminish allergic reaction Strengthen the bones

15. Fruit food uses Dry or soft dates are eaten out-of-hand, or may be pitted and stuffed with fillings such as almonds , walnuts , and lemon peel , tahini , or cream cheese . chopped and used in a range of sweet and savory dishes Date nut bread, a type of cake, is very popular in the United States spread, date syrup or " honey " called "dibs"

16. Uses of other parts of the plant the palm tree is the most versatile of all indigenous plants, and virtually every part of the tree is utilized to make functional items ranging from rope and baskets to beehives , fishing boats, and traditional dwellings Seeds: are soaked and ground up for animal feed. Their oil is suitable for use in soap and cosmetics seeds contain 0.56–5.4% lauric acid . source of oxalic acid . The seeds are also burned to make charcoal for silversmiths , and can be strung in necklaces Date seeds are also ground and used in the manner of coffee beans

17. Uses of other parts of the plant Fruitclusters: Stripped fruit clusters are used as brooms Leaves: In North Africa, they used for making huts. Mature leaves are also made into mats, screens, baskets and fans. The finely ground seeds are mixed with flour to make bread in times of scarcity.

18. Wood: is used for posts and rafters for huts; it is lighter than coconut and not very durable

19. References https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_palm https:// www.organicfacts.net/health-benefits/fruit/health-benefits-of-dates.html http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=dates+& FORM=HDRSC2

20. Thank you