Deafness

defness is also known as the loss of hearing of the ear and this is a chronic condition which need proper treatment as if cannot be detected early it can cause serious problem of hearing loss so knowledge of this condition can be useful for making differential diagnosis and proper treatment of the patient for the nursing students bsc and gnm and also can be used for their learning understanding and for their exam too

1. DEAFNESS DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING

2. Learning Objectives At the end of this lecturer, students should be able to: Define deafness Enlist the types Enumerate the causes Describe the management

3. OVERVEIW Hearing is one of our primary modes of communication. 360 million people worldwide have disabling hearing loss. Hearing loss may result from genetic causes, complications at birth, certain infectious diseases, chronic ear infections, the use of particular drugs, exposure to excessive noise and ageing.

4. Definition It means impairment of hearing may vary in severity.

5. Risk factors Family history of sensorineural impairment Congenital malformations of the cranial structure (ear) Low birth weight (<1500 gm.) Use of ototoxic medications ( gentamycin and loop diuretics)

6. Recurrent ear infections Bacterial Meningitis Chronic exposure to loud noise Perforation of the tympanic membrane

7. TYPES OF DEAFNESS Conductive deafness - Results from interference of sound transmission through the external ear and middle ear . A conductive hearing loss can be the result of a blockage in the external ear canal or can be caused by any disorder that unfavorably effects the middle ear's ability to transmit the mechanical energy to the stapes footplate .

8. Sensorineural deafness   Sensorineural hearing loss results from inner ear or auditory nerve dysfunction. eighth cranial nerve or the brain.

9. CONDUCTIVE DEAFNESS . Common causes: Chronic suppurative otitis media Impacted wax , Otitis externa Impacted foreign body Traumatic rupture of tympanic membrane otosclerosis

10. Thickening , retraction, scaring or perforation of tympanic membrane, or any pathologic changes in the middle ear. Ear obstructions due to foreign bodies and objects.

11. SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS Common causes: Presbyacusis Drug induced Trauma Acoustic nerve tumor

12. CLINICAL MANIFESTAIONS Most hearing loss gradual and goes unnoticed by the client. until several incident of communication problems have occurred. Failure to respond to oral communications In appropriate response to oral communications.

13. Excessively loud speech Abnormal awareness sounds Strained facial expression Constant need for clarification of conversation Listening to radio or TV at increased volume.

14. Diagnostic evaluation Startle reflex test Cochleopalpebral reflex Screening test

15. MANAGEMENT The goal of management of the client with hearing loss are 1 . To restore hearing 2 . To assist hearing 3. To manage tinnitus and implement aural rehabilitation

16. Treatment of conducting hearing loss The treatment of conductive deafness depends upon the cause such patients can be helped by modern microsurgical procedure. Alternatively a hearing aid can be fitted to overcome the hearing difficulty.

17. Treatment The treatment of such patients is difficult . Depending upon the degree of deafness, hearing aids are fitted and auditory training given by the speech therapist.

18. SUMMARY So far we have discussed about definition, types, causes and management of deafness

19. Bibliography Lewis et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Mosby Elsevier,7 th edition. Joyce.M.Black et al, Medical Surgical Nursing, Saunders publication. Brunner and Siddhartha, Medical Surgical Nursing, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

20. Thank you