DEFINE COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. BY:MOHAMAD HAKIMI BIN MOHAMAD HATTA CLASS: KV SKR DEFINE COMPUTER SYSTEM

2. COMPUTER SYSTEM A computer system is one that is able to take a set of inputs, process them and create a set of outputs. This is done by a combination of hardware and software . The diagram below shows you the idea of a computer system in its most basic form

3. CYCLE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

4. DEFINE OF COMPUTER SYSTEM The computer system has one or more inputs to provide data. This data is then processed in some way. The outcome of the processing is sent to an output or it may be stored until some event happens to cause it to be output. For processing to take place, there needs to be a set of instructions of what needs to be done. This set of instructions is called a program. This system is called a stored-program computer. The very first commercial computer in the entire world of this type was built in Britain in 1949 and was called the Manchester (Ferranti) Mark 1, see below. The beauty of this type of computer system is that it is flexible - the machine performs a different task by simply loading a different program from storage.

5. MEANING OF INPUT AND OUTPUT "Input/Output" and is pronounced simply "eye-oh." Computers are based on the fundamental idea that every input results in an output. For example, if you are running a word processor program and type a sentence on your keyboard, the text will appear on the screen. The keyboard is an input device and the screen is an output device. You might also print the text using a printer, which is another output device. The computer's CPU handles all the I/O operations, sending the data it receives to the correct path. The path may be to the video card, to the hard drive, or to the RAM, just to name a few.

6. MEANING OF INPUT AND OUTPUT The ports on the outside of a computer are commonly referred to as "I/O ports" because they are what connect input and output devices to the computer. Software developers use I/O to describe how a program will function, depending on what a user enters. For example, if the user presses the space bar key in a game, say "Super Jumper Man," the character on the screen will jump. Multiply that by several thousand other scenarios of user input and you have yourself a computer game.

7. MEANING OF PROCESSOR A processor, or "microprocessor," is a small chip that resides in computers and other electronic devices. Its basic job is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may seem like a simple task, modern processors can handle trillions of calculations per second. The central processor of a computer is also known as the CPU, or "central processing unit." This processor handles all the basic system instructions, such as processing mouse and keyboard input and running applications. Most desktop computers contain a CPU developed by either Intel or AMD, both of which use the x86 processor architecture. Mobile devices, such as laptops and tablets may use Intel and AMD CPUs, but can also use specific mobile processors developed by companies like ARM or Apple.

8. MEANING OF PROCESSOR Modern CPUs often include multiple processing cores, which work together to process instructions. While these "cores" are contained in one physical unit, they are actually individual processors. In fact, if you view your computer's performance with a system monitoring utility like Windows Task Manager (Windows) or Activity Monitor (Mac OS X), you will see separate graphs for each processor. Processors that include two cores are called dual-core processors, while those with four cores are called quad-core processors. Some high-end workstations contain multiple CPUs with multiple cores, allowing a single machine to have eight, twelve, or even more processing cores. Besides the central processing unit, most desktop and laptop computers also include a GPU. This processor is specifically designed for rendering graphics that are output on a monitor. Desktop computers often have a video card that contains the GPU, while mobile devices usually contain a graphics chip that is integrated into the motherboard. By using separate processors for system and graphics processing, computers are able to handle graphic-intensive applications more efficiently.

9. MEANING OF STORAGE Alternatively referred to as storage, storage media, or storage medium, a storage device is a hardware device capable of holding information. There are two storage devices used in computers; a primary storage device such as computer RAM and a secondary storage device such as a computer hard drive. The secondary storage could be a removable, internal, or external storage. In the picture to the right, is an example of a Drobo , an external secondary storage device.

10. MEANING OF STORAGE Without a storage device, you and your computer would not be able to save any settings or information and would be considered a dumb terminal. Below, are some additional examples of storage devices that are used with computers.

11. MEANING OF STORAGE Floppy diskette CD-ROM disc CD-R and CD-RW disc Cloud storage DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW disc Jump drive and USB flash drive Hard drive LS-120 Tape cassette Zip diskette When saving anything on the computer, you will be asked for the storage location, which is where you want to save the information. By default most of the information you save will be saved to your computer hard drive, however, if you want to move the information to another computer you would want to save it to a removable storage device such as a Jump drive.

12. Describe the information processing cycle which includes input, process, output and storage

13. INPUT INPUT Users input data or instruction into the computer system to be process. Input could be either text, graphic, audio or video. Input devices are used by users to input data. Input devices are any electronic device connected to a computer and produces input signals.

14. PROCESS Data or instruction being input into the computer system is then processed by the CPU which controls all activities within the system. The results of the processed data are then sent to an output device as usable data. A CPU consists of two subcomponents; the Control Unit (CU) and the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU). CU’s main function is to direct the CPU to process data by extracting instructions from memory and decodes and executes them. The CU manages a four-step basic operation which is called a machine cycle. The steps are Fetching, Decoding, Executing & Storing:

15. STORAGE Computer storage is important to help users store programs and data to be used at a later time. It is also useful to keep current data while being processed by the processor until the information is saved in a storage media such as a hard disk or a diskette. Computer storage also stores instructions from a computer program. There are two type of computer storage; primary storage and secondary storage.

16. PRIMARY STORAGE Is known as the main memory of a computer, including RAM (Random-Access Memory) and ROM (Read-Only Memory). It is an internal memory (inside the CPU) that can be accessed directly by the processor.

17. SECONDARY STORAGE An external storage that refers to various ways a computer can store program and data. Many complex functions, such as translators for high-level languages and operating systems are placed in primary storage. Secondary storage is an alternative storage. It is very useful to store programs and data for future use.

18. OUTPUT Output is the result of data processing activity when it is presented external to the system. The output from a computer can be in a form for use by people, for example, printed or displayed. There are four types of output, which are texts, graphics, audio and video.

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