Definition and Types of IRRIGATION.pptx

Definition and Types of Irrigation

1. irrigation

2. What is irrigation? Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil I t i s usual l y use d t o assist i n g r o wing c r o p s in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall

3. What is irrigation? IT IS A SCIENCE DEALING WITH PLANNING , DESIGNING, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION WORKS.

4. Percentage of Irrigation

5. Perform irrigation and drainage practices

6. Agricultural irrigation is the application of water to crops through artificial means. Irrigation is primarily used in areas with sporadic rainfall or potential drought conditions to ensure that crop soil receives adequate water for cultivation. The water utilized in agricultural irrigation can come from various sources, such as groundwater, rivers, springs, lakes, wells, or surface water.

7. Benefits of irrigation

8. 1. Irrigation is insurance against drought. 2. It enables the growth of quick maturing crops. 3. It is a guarantee to the quick germination of seeds. 4. It is a means of securing early maturity on most crops. 5. It increases the quality, attractive appearance, and yield of crops.

9. Types of soil and when irrigation is needed

10. Methods of irrigation

11. 1. “Manual irrigation is one of the most basic types of agricultural irrigation. Farmers or laborers use watering cans to saturate the crops by hand. Since manual irrigation is often time-consuming and physically demanding, it tends to be used for small farms or in poverty-stricken areas.”

12. 2. Surface irrigation tended to be the most implemented irrigation system for large-scale watering. In surface irrigation, small canals are dug across the entire length of the crop area and water is poured at the top of the canals. Surface irrigation uses no pumps or other mechanisms and relies on gravity to distribute water across crops through the canals.”

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14. 3. “Sub-irrigation is a method often used for vegetable crops such as peppers or tomatoes. The method applies water to crops from below the soil’s surface. A pipe system is buried beneath the roots of the crops and the water is pumped upwards into the roots to ensure the roots receive the correct water amounts.

15. 4. “Center pivot irrigation uses an automated system of sprinklers that are attached to fixed towers in the center of the crop area. The sprinklers rotate in a circular motion to evenly distribute water across the entire crop area. Center pivot is often used in flat, spacious crop areas.”

16. 5. Windmill irrigation is done by a machine that harnesses wind energy for a purpose like grinding grain, pumping water, or generating electricity.

17. 6. Drip irrigation is a system that delivers water directly to the root zone of a plant, where it seeps slowly into the soil one drop at a time.

18. 7. Irrigation by power machinery is done when water pumps are set in the source of water. Water is then delivered to the field through a water hose.

19. Causes of loss of irrigation water

20. 1. Over irrigation A farmer should not use more water than his crop needs. The amount of water needed by crops varies with the crop, and a farmer should ascertain what amount is for each crop and how it is best distributed among the different times of application.

21. 2. Poor grading of land When a piece of land to be irrigated is not uniformly or properly graded, for example, when certain spots are high while others are low, or when there is hardly any grade at all to allow movement of water by gravity, there will be loss of water.

22. 3. Seepage is the horizontal passage of water from an irrigation canal through the surrounding ground. Loss of water by seepage is prevented by lining the canal properly with a clay puddle.

23. 4. Deep percolation Percolation is the vertical downward movement of water. Water that sinks much deeper than the roots of the plants is wasted water. Skillful cultivation should prevent much loss of water due to deep percolation.

24. 6. Run-off at the ends of fields or furrows To avoid waste of water in the form of runoffs, it is necessary to supervise carefully the irrigation work so that only enough water is allowed to flow in the irrigation furrows.

25. 7 . Direct evaporation This refers to the loss of water from plant parts, soil surface, and even from bodies of water with the aid of sunlight.