Definition, Demonstration Methods, and Clinical Significance.pptx

Definition, Demonstration Methods, and Clinical Significance.pptx

1. Definition, Demonstration Methods, and Clinical Significance of LE CELL Presented by Dr. Jagroop Sidhu PhD Biochemistry

2. Definition of L.E. Cell L.E. Cell: A type of cell found in patients with autoimmune diseases, especially Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Characterized by its ability to phagocytize and degrade nuclear material from other cells.

3. 2. Microscopic Appearance Characteristics: L.E. cells appear with a distinctive appearance under the microscope. They typically show a vacuolated nucleus with engulfed nuclear fragments. Often described as having a "halo" around the nucleus due to the ingested nuclear material.

4. Demonstration Methods for L.E. Cells 1. Direct Microscopic Examination a. Staining Techniques Purpose of Staining: Staining is essential to enhance the visibility of L.E. cells under a microscope. It differentiates the L.E. cells from other cell types and highlights their characteristic features. Wright’s Stain: Description: A type of Romanowsky stain, Wright's stain is commonly used in hematology for staining blood smears and bone marrow specimens. Composition: Contains a mixture of eosin (an acidic dye) and methylene blue (a basic dye). This combination stains different cellular components in contrasting colors.

5. Application: Preparation: Prepare a smear of the specimen and allow it to air dry. Stain with Wright's stain and then wash with buffer. Appearance: L.E. cells will exhibit a distinctive appearance, often with a vacuolated nucleus and halo effect due to engulfed nuclear material. Giemsa Stain: Description: Another Romanowsky stain, Giemsa stain is used for similar purposes as Wright’s stain but with a different dye composition. Composition: Includes eosin and methylene blue, with additional components like Giemsa’s buffer. Application: Preparation: Apply Giemsa stain to the prepared smear, allow it to incubate for a specific time, and then rinse with buffer. Appearance: Giemsa stain highlights the L.E. cells by showing their characteristic vacuolation and halo effect.

6. Microscopy Microscopic Examination: Equipment: Use a light microscope with high magnification (typically 1000x with oil immersion). Procedure: Slide Preparation: Place the stained smear on a microscope slide and cover it with a cover slip. Observation: Examine the slide under the microscope. Identification: Look for cells with a vacuolated nucleus and a halo effect around the nucleus, indicating the presence of engulfed nuclear material.

7. Tissue Culture Techniques: Culturing methods to induce and observe L.E. cell formation. Serological Tests: Detection of L.E. cells in blood or tissue samples. Use of immunological assays to confirm the presence of L.E. cells.

8. Clinical Significance Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Presence of L.E. cells is a marker for diagnosing SLE. Helps in monitoring disease activity and response to treatment. Other Autoimmune Disorders: Detection of L.E. cells can also be relevant in other autoimmune conditions, though they are most commonly associated with SLE. Diagnostic Relevance: L.E. cells aid in the differential diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Their presence is used to corroborate clinical findings and support diagnostic decisions

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