Deflection of beams

1. Deflection of Beams Chapter 9

2. Introduction : In this chapter we learn how to determine the deflection of beams (the maximum deflection) under given load . A prismatic beam subjected to pure Bending is bent into an arc of a circle in the elastic range ,the curvature of the neutral surface expressed as : 1/ ρ = M/EI

3. Where , M is the bending Moment , E is the modulus of elasticity , I is the moment of inertia of the cross section about it’s neutral axis .

4. Both the Moment “M” & the Curvature of neutral axis “1/ ρ ” will vary denoting by the distance of the section from the left of the beam “x” . We write 1/ ρ = M(x)/EI

5. Deflection We notice that the deflection at the ends y = 0 due to supports dy/ dx = 0 at A,B ,also dy/ dx = 0 at the max. deflection

6. To determine the slope and the deflection of the beam at any given point ,we first drive the following second order differential equations which governs the elastic curve So the deflection (y) can be obtained through the boundary conditions .

7. In the next fig. two differential equations are required due to the effective force ( p ) at point ( D ) . One for the portion ( AD ) ,the other one for the portion ( DB ) . P D

8. The first eq. holds Q 1 ,y 1 The second eq. holds Q 2 ,y 2 So ,we have four constants C 1 ,C 2 ,C 3 ,C 4 due to the integration process . Two will be determined through that deflection (y=0) at A,B . The other constants can be determined through that portions of beam AD and DB have the same slope and the same deflection at D

9. If we took an example M (X) = -Px We notice that the radius of curvature “ ρ ” = ∞ ,so that M = 0 P P B B A A L

10. Also we can conclude from the next example , P1>P2 We notice that +ve M so that the elastic curve is concaved downward . P 1 P 2 A B C D -ve M +ve M Q ( x,y ) Elastic curve

11. Equation of elastic curve: We know the curvature of a plane curve at point Q ( x,y ) is expressed as Where , are the 1 st & 2 nd derivatives of a function y(x) represented by a curve ,the slope is so small and it’s square is negligible ,so we get that

12. Is the governing differential equation for the elastic curve . N.B.: ``EI`` is known as the flexural rigidity . In case of prismatic beams (EI) is constant .