Delegation

delegation, managing conflict, collective bargaining and occupational health and safety.

1. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 01

2. Directing By V. Srivani MSc.NursingIIyear Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 2

3. Topics Delegation – it is transferring to a competent individual, the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 3

4. Conti…… Conflict management – it is the process of limiting the negative aspect of conflict while increasing the positive aspects of conflict. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 4

5. Conti….. Collective bargaining – it is the process of negotiations between employers and group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to regulate working conditions. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 5

6. Conti…… Occupational health – occupational health is a field of health care made up of multiple disciplines dedicated to the well-being and safety of employees in the work place. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 6

7. Delegation Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 7

8. Never tell people how to do things, tell them to what to do and they will surprise you with their ingenuity - George .S. Patton Delegation 01 Delegation 01 Delegation 01 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 8

9. Introduction Delegation is the use of personnel to accomplish a desired objective through allocation of authority and responsibility. Delegation is not merely disturbing disease. It is a significant success factor for professional practice. Delegation is a link that joins organizational concepts with the management process; it is that which allows a manager to manage. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 9

10. Definition “Delegation is defined as getting things done through others, or as directing the performance of one or more people to accomplish organizational goals”. -Deepak K, 2015 “Delegation is the process of assigning responsibility and authority to co-worker and ensuring his accountability”. - Jogindra Vati, 2016 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 10

11. Conti….. “Delegation is the transferring to a competent individual, the authority to perform a selected nursing task in a selected situation”. - National Council of S tate B oards of Nursing (NCBS) Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 11

12. Purpose of delegation For assigning routine work For problem solving To reduce workload For the changes in nurse managers own job emphasis For capacity building Time saving For quality improvement Assigning task for which the nurse manager dose not have time Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 12

13. Elements of delegation Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 13

14. Principles of delegation Select the right person to whom the job is be delegated. Delegate both interesting and uninteresting tasks Provide subordinates with enough time to learn Delegate gradually Delegate in advance Consult before delegating Avoid gaps and overlaps Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 14

15. Process or steps in delegation Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 15 Determination of results expected Assignment of tasks Delegation of authority for accomplishing the tasks Responsibility and accountability

16. Strategies for successful delegation Plan ahead Identify necessary skill and education levels to complete the delegated task Select capable personnel Communicate goals clearly Empower the delegate Set guidelines and monitor progress Evaluate performance Reward accomplishment Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 16

17. Reasons for delegating Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 17 Assigning routine tasks Problem solving Change in the nurse managers own job emphasis Capability building Assigning tasks for which the nurse manager dose not have time

18. Types of delegation Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 18

19. Common delegation errors Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 19

20. Barriers to delegating Barriers in the delegator / Supervisor Personal perfectionism Lack of faith in subordinate Fear of subordinate Love for authority Strict control Lack of organizational skill in balancing work loads. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 20

21. Conti….. Barriers in the delegate / subordinate Lack of experience Lack of competence Lack of self confidence Lack of incentives Fear of harsh critisism Over dependence on the boss Overload of work Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 21

22. Conti…… Barriers in the situation / organization Small size of the organization Decreased team spirit Lack of proper communication Confusion in responsibility and authority Urgency, having no time to explain Criticality of decisions Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 22

23. Pre requisites of effective delegation Motivation Training Effective controlling Good organizational climate Clarity in objectives and goals Responsibility and authority Centralization Vs. decentralization Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 23

24. Advantages and disadvantages of delegation Advantages Serves as a vehicle of coordination. Time saving Minimizes delay in decision making Permits subordinates to enlarge their jobs Disadvantages Incapacity of delegation Chance of malpractice Delegation with incapable delegator Frailty of human life Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 24

25. Role of nurse administrators in delegation Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 25

26. Conti....... Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 26

27. Conti…… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 27

28. Managing conflict Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 28

29. Introduction Organizational conflict often results when there is disagreement between two or more individuals in an organization. Organizational conflict is a term refers to conflict within an organization. Conflict is opposition or disagreement between individuals or entities . Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 29

30. Definition “Conflict can be defined as an expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties, who perceive that incompatible goals, scarce resources, or interference from others are preventing them from achieving their goals”. -Wilmot&Hocker “Conflict is related to feelings, including feelings of neglect, of being viewed as taken for granted, of being treated like a servant, of not being appreciated, of being ignored, of being overloaded, and other instances of perceived unfairness”. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 30

31. Conti…… Conflict management is the process of planning to avoid conflict where possible and organizing to resolve conflict where it does happen, as rapidly and smoothly as possible. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 31

32. Nature of conflicts Organizational conflict can be Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 32 Positive Constant Dysfunctional Negative

33. Causes of conflict Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 33

34. Conti….. Conflict is neither good, nor bad, it just is -Marshall,2006 It can occur at any time and in place, originating between two individuals or groups when there is a disagreement or difference in their values, attitudes, needs or expectations. -Conerly, 2004 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 34

35. Types or levels of conflict Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 35

36. Signs of conflict Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 36

37. Conflict process Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 37 Latent conflict Felt conflict Perceived conflict Manifest conflict Conflict resolution or management Conflict aftermith

38. Outcomes of conflict Delegation 01 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 38

39. Effects of conflict in organization Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 39

40. Conflict management Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 40

41. Techniques or skills for managing conflict Thomas and kilmann (1974)identified five conflict management styles Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 41 Competing Compromising Accommodating Avoiding Collaborating

42. How to prevent conflict at individual level? Adopt AVID approach Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 42

43. Borisoff and victor theory Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 43

44. Manage & Resolve conflict situations Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 44

45. Collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 45

46. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 46

47. Collective Bargaining It is a process of negotiations between employers and group of employees aimed at reaching agreements to regulate working conditions. The interests of the employees are commonly presented by representatives of a trade union to which the employees belong. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 47

48. The term “collective bargaining” was first used in1891 by B eatrice W ebb, a founder of the field of industrial relations in Britain. It refers to the sort of collective negotiations and agreements that had existed since the rise of trade unions during the 18 th century. In the united states, the N ational L abor Relations Act of 1935 implemented. It was introduced in I ndia 1952 and is gradually gaining importance in following years. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 48 History of collective bargaining

49. Definition " Collective bargaining is an agreement between a single employer or an association of employers on the one hand and a labour union on the other, which regulates the terms anti conditions of employment" -Tudwig Teller “Collective bargaining is the process by which a labour union and employer negotiate over the term of the employeement relationship.” Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 49

50. Conti….. “Collective bargaining refers to a process by which employers on the one hand and representatives of the employees on the other attempt to arrive at agreements covering the conditions under which employees will contribute and be compensated for their services” - Deepak .K Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 50

51. Objectives Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 51

52. Characteristics of collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 52

53. Process of collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 53

54. Preparatory phase Selection of negotiation team Identification of the problem.. Examination of situation and issues for negotiation. Collection of data. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 54

55. Discussion phase Decide an appropriate time and set a proper climate for negotiation. Decision on ground rules. Maintenance of mutual trust and understanding. Involve in active listening, asking question and summarizing decision. Collective bargaining. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 55

56. Proposal phase Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 56

57. Bargaining phase Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 57

58. Settlement phase Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 58 Consensus agreement on common decision Negotiated change

59. Formalization of Agreement Drafting of agreements:- after good faith bargaining a formal document prepare. I t should be simple, clear and concise. Signing the agreement:- Both parties sign the agreement and abide by its terms and conditions. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 59

60. Enforcing agreement To have the agreement effective and meaning, it should be enforced or implemented immediately. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 60

61. Collective bargaining members Registered nurses Physicians Other professionals Technical employees Non professionals Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 61

62. Collective bargaining agents Service employees international union. National nurses union. Professional or state nurses associations National union of hospital and health care emplyees of the retail, wholesale and department store union Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 62

63. Essentials of successful bargaining Favorable political climate. Strong & stable unions. Recognition. Willingness to give & take. Negotiators authority Fair practices Positive attitude rather than a fighting approach Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 63

64. Obstacles of collective bargaining In nursing Registered nurses who participate in organizing drives could be summarily fired. Employers reluctance (hospital could refuse to recognize and bargain with nursing organizations) Multiple unions Non-recognition Weak unions Political interference Inadequate interventions Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 64

65. Steps in process of collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 65 Selection of a bargaining agent Certification to contract Contract administration The nurse managers role Decertification

66. Grievance A   grievance  is a formal complaint that is raised by an employee towards an employer within the workplace. There are many reasons as to why a  grievance Grievance usually be classified as Those caused by misunderstanding Those caused by international contract violations. Those caused by symptomatic problems outside the scope of the labor agreement. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 66

67. Grievance process Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 67

68. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 68

69. Types of bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 69 Distributive bargaining Integrative bargaining Attitudinal restructuring bargaining Intra-organizational bargaining

70. Levels of collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 70

71. Economy-wide (national) Bargaining is a bipartite form of negotiation between union confederations, central employer associations and government agencies. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 71

72. Sectoral bargaining Bargaining may be either broadly or narrowly defined in terms of the industrial activities covered and may be either split up according to territorial subunits or conducted nationally. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 72

73. Enterprise leve l It involves the company organization establishment. It emphasizes the point that bargaining levels need not be mutually exclusive Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 73

74. Functions of collective bargaining Butler has viewed the functions as A process of social change. A peace treaty between two parties. A system of industrial jurisprudence. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 74

75. A process of social change Collective bargaining enhances the status of the working class in the society . Wage earners have enhanced their social and economic position in relation to other groups Employers have also retained high power and dignity through collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 75

76. A peace treaty between two parties It serves a peace treaty between the employers and employees. However the settlement between the two parties is a compromise Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 76

77. Importance to society Collective bargaining leads to industrial peace in the country. The discrimination and exploitation of workers is constantly being checked. It provides a method or the regulation of the conditions of employment of those who are directly concerned about them Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 77

78. Importance to employers It becomes easier for the management to resolve issues at the bargaining level rather than taking up complaints of individual workers. Collective bargaining tends to promote a sense of job security among employees and there by tends to reduce the cost of labor turnover to management. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 78

79. Conti…… Collective bargaining opens up the channel of communication between the workers and the management and increases worker participation in decision making. Collective bargaining plays a vital role in setting and preventing industrial disputes. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 79

80. Importance to employees Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 80

81. Advantages Contract to guide standards. Participation in decision in decision making process. All union members and management must confirm to terms of contract without exception. Process exists to question managers authority if member feels something was done unjustly Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 81

82. Disadvantages Reduced individuality. Other union members may outvote ones decisions. Disputes are not handled with individual and management only; less room for professional judgment. Must pay union dues even if one does not support unionization. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 82

83. Healthcare labor laws Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 83

84. Conti… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 84 Trade Unions Amendment Act, 2001 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005

85. Aspects of labor laws Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 85 Strikes & lockouts Health & maternity benefits Protection of services conditions Removal from services, regulations of contract labor Women labor & law

86. Professional Associations & Unions An association is regarded as the organization that brings members of the same profession together for the exchange of information & experience & for the advancement of their profession. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 86

87. Features of Association Association have the members of the same profession. The members do not use militant methods to press upon their demands. They form associations to meet periodically & discuss their problems & share experiences. They remain in touch with administrative officials, political leaders, etc. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 87

88. Trade union Trade union is a continuing, long term association of employees, formed & maintained for the specific purpose advancing & protecting the interests of members in their working relationships with the employers. It is continuous association of wage earners for the purpose maintaining & improving the condition of their working lives Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 88

89. Conti….. Features of unions It is association of employees. It is relatively permanent. It is formed for securing certain economic & social benefits to members. It is focus on joint, co-ordinated action & collective bargaining. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 89

90. Purpose of Unions To be the instrument for solving economic, social, political & psychological problems of the employees. To secure the better wages, better working conditions. To enhance self respect & dignity. To fulfill of social needs, stability of employment & other problems during services. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 90

91. Role of TNAI in Bargaining & Policies for Strike The TNAI cannot be legally appointed as a negotiating body either at a local, state or national level. To move into the trend of union activities which seems to be necessary to better conditions for Nurses, TNAI Suggest the following policies: To form grievances committees &state Government Nurses Services Associations. A State level committee, must have a TNAI representatives Prevent Nurses from joining other unions. For the improvement of nursing services to the community, the TNAI members may support a strike action. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 91

92. Conditions under which a strike by nurses may be approved TNAI Where grievances exists, they should be thoroughly investigated by the Government Nurses Association and reported to the local or state TNAI Executive. The state Branch Executive, TNAI should also know all facts regarding the situation and be satisfied that justice requires some action. All possible approaches through legal efforts should be made to the authorities for correction of the situation. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 92

93. Conti….. If no action is taken by the authorities despite all efforts, the situation should be put before the members of the Government Nurses Association for vote regarding strike. At least two months warning should be given before the date set for the strike . It must be clearly understood that the TNAI and its members will not support any strike controlled or voted by any union, or organization which includes employees other tan Nurses. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 93

94. Conti….. It must be planned, voted, and carried out with the above stipulations in a dignified manner and with the assurance that the above public understands and will support the Nurses demands and that the Nurses will make every effort to prevent harm to which might be caused by strike. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 94

95. The nurse managers role in collective bargaining Know the law, and make sure rights of the nurses as well as management are clearly understood. Find out the reasons the nurses want collective action. Discuss and deal with the nurses and the problems directly and effectively. Act clearly with in the law at all times.. If a manager acts unlawfully, report the employers action to the national labor relations board. Keep all nurses informed through regular meetings held close to the hospital or institution. Resolving grievances. A collective bargaining agent cannot make the decision to strike. The decision to strike can be made only by majority of union members. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 95

96. Recent impact of collective bargaining Beyond their impact on wages and staffing, however, unions also play a critical role in providing nurses a meaningful voice on the job. Play important role in solving the nursing shortage. Positive influence on the work environment and on the patient outcomes. Increasing numbers of nurses win the right to represent themselves through collective bargaining. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 96

97. Importance of collective bargaining in nursing Why nurses join unions. Why nurses do not join unions Points to be kept in mind before collective bargaining Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 97

98. “collective bargaining is democracy for workers” - Jeff Rhodes Delegation 01 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 98

99. Occupational health and safety Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 99

100. Introduction Occupational safety and health (OSH) also commonly referred to as workplace health and safety (WHS) is an area concerned with the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment. All occupational fields have their own hazards. There are varieties of hazards to which workers may be exposed and which may cause various diseases. By taking appropriate measures and precautions, all occupational hazards can be minimized. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 100

101. Occupational health “occupational health is the promotion & maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental & social wellbeing of the workers in all occupations”. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 101

102. Components of occupational health nurse Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 102

103. Objectives of Occupational H ealth Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 103

104. Occupational Environment Basically there are three types of interaction in the working environment: a. Man and physical, chemical and biological agents. b. Man and machine. c. Man and man. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 104

105. Man, physical, chemical & biological agents Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 105

106. International labor organization recommendation Focus on providing the following to promote health of the employees as follows . Nutrition Prevention & control of communicable disease Environmental sanitation Water supply Provision food & snacks Toilet facilities Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 106

107. Conti….. General plant cleanliness Floor space / air space Wastage & garbage disposal Lighting & ventilation Protection against hazards Housing Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 107

108. Conti….. Maternity benefit. First aid. C reches . Family planning. Mental health Health Education Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 108

109. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 109 Occupational Hazards

110. Physical hazards Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 110

111. Conti….. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 111 H eat. Cold. Light. Noise. Vibration. UV rays. Ionizing Radiation . Local action. Inhalation. Ingestion. Bacteria. Virus. Fungi. Parasites. Protozoon's . Psychosocial conditions. Accidents. Physical Chemical Biological Mechanical Psychosocial

112. Physical hazards Heat: Burns, heat exhaustion, heat stork, heat cramps, decreased efficiency, increased fatigue, and enhanced accident rates. Cold: chill blains, erythrocyanosis, immersion cyanosis, frost bite, hypothermia. Light: eye strain, headaches, eye pain, lachrymation, congestion around cornea, eye fatigue, miners, blurring of vision leading to accidents. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 112

113. Conti…… Noise: temporary / permanent hearing loss, nervousness, fatigue, interference with communication, decreased efficiency, annoyance. Vibration: white fingres , injuries to joints. 50 and 300Hz. Ultra violet radiation: conjuctivitis , keratitis, (welders flash, redness of eyes and pain. Ionizing radiation: genetic changes, malformations, cancer, leukemia, depilation, ulceration, sterility, death. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 113

114. Chemical hazards Local action: dermatitis, eczema, ulcers, cancer, allergy, systemic effects (TNT, Aniline dyes). Inhalation: Dust: (.1 – 150 microns), < 5 microns, directly inhaled into the lungs. Pneumoniosis . ( sillicosis , anthracosis , byssinosis , bagassosis , asbestosis, farmers lung). Gases: poisoning. E.g. ; CO poisoning, anesthetic gases, - ether & chloroform. Metals & their compound: toxic effects of the corresponding metals. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 114

115. Occupational Disease Occupational diseases are usually defined as diseases arising out of or in the course of employment. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 115

116. Biological hazards Exposure & effect of parasitic agents, brucellosis, leptospirosis, anthrax, hydatidosis , psittacosis, tetanus, encephalitis, fungal infections, schistosomiasis . Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 116

117. Mechanical hazards 10% of accidents in industries are due to mechanical hazards. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 117

118. Psycho-social hazards Frustration, loss of job satisfaction, insecurity, poor human relationships, emotional tensions, depression, sickness, absenteeism, peptic ulcer, rapid aging, heart disease. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 118

119. Occupational diseases Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 119

120. Disease due to physical agents Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 120

121. Diseases due to chemical agents Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 121

122. Organic dust Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 122

123. Diseases due to biological agents The biological agents also cause diseases like Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 123

124. Disease of physiological origin Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 124

125. Health acts & health measures in OHP Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 125

126. Conti…. The factories act Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 126

127. Conti…. Other recommendations include Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 127

128. Employment of children Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 128

129. Hours of work Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 129

130. Leave with wages Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 130

131. Occupational diseases Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 131

132. List of notifiable diseases Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 132

133. Conti… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 133

134. Employment in hazardous process Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 134

135. The ESI Act - 1948 Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 135

136. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 136

137. Extra benefits Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 137

138. Finance ---ESI Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 138

139. Benefits Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 139

140. Sickness benefits Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 140

141. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 141

142. Key principles of OSH management Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 142

143. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 143

144. Characteristics of occupational health and safety management system Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 144

145. Elements of occupational health and safety management system Senior manager / involvement. Line manager / supervisor duties. Management accountability and performance measurement. Company OHS policy Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 145 Organisation Accountability Responsibility

146. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 146 Consultative arrangements Health and safety representatives – system resource. Issue resolution – HSR/employee and employer representatives. Joint OHS committees. Broad employee participation.

147. Conti… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 147 Specific program element

148. Approaches to OHS Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 148

149. Role of nurse in OHS Clinician Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 149 Primary prevention Health advice and assessment Research and use of evidence based practice Emergency care Treatment services Nursing diagnosis Care plan

150. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 150

151. Conti….. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 151 Manager Continuing professional development Professional audit Budget planning Administration Management Marketing Service level agreement Quality assurance

152. Conti… Co- ordinator Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 152 Occupational health teem Environmental health management Worker education and training

153. Conti… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 153 Adviser Health educator To management and staff on issues related to workplace health management Agencies Work place health promotion Counsellor Counselling and reflective listening skills Problem solving skills

154. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 154

155. Preventive measures Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 155 Medical Engineering Other

156. Medical measures Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 156

157. Engineering measures Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 157

158. Conti… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 158

159. Conti…. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 159

160. Conti…… Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 160

161. Other measures Legal meaures : measures to minimize dust emissions and exposure to dust. Law compliance mechanisms, including effective workplace inspection system. Cooperation between management and workers and their representatives. A mechanism for the collection and analysis of data on occupational diseases. Collaboration with social security schemes covering occupational injuries and diseases. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 161

162. Conti…. Training health professionals in occupational diseases as majority of medical practices lack training in occupational health and consequently lack the skills to diagnose and prevent occupational diseases . Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 162

163. Government College of Nursing Hyderabad 163

164. PERCEPTION OF COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND SATISFACTION WITH COLLECTIVE BARGAINING ON EMPLOYEES’ JOB PERFORMANCE This study explores the influence of collective bargaining and satisfaction with bargaining on employees’ job performance. A structured questionnaire was distributed to selected sample of 181 unionized employees in the public sector organizations. The results revealed two models, with the first model indicating that satisfaction with collective bargaining (β = .56, p < 0.01) was a significant direct predictor of job performance among employees. The second model showed 35% incremental change in employees’ job performance. This indicated that age (β = .27, p < .01), and educational qualification (β = .58, p < .01) were significant independent predictors of employees job performance. This study showed that collective bargaining process is very critical in determining organizational industrial relations which in turn help to improve job related outcome such as employees’ job performance.

165. An overview of occupational health research in India Recent industrialization and globalizations are changing the Indian occupational morbidity drastically. Traditionally labor-oriented markets are on change towards more automation and mechanization, at the same time general awareness about occupational safety, occupational and environmental hazards were not spread in the society. This review will provide an overview of existing evidence from community based epidemiological studies and address the growing needs for evidence-based occupational health research in India. Review of all published results. Occupational research is seen as more complex issue in India, which Includes child labor; poor industrial legislation; vast informal sector; less attention to industrial hygiene and poor surveillance data across the country. While India experiencing economic transition, occupational research approach should balance between understanding the modern industrial exposures and health risks of traditional sectors like agriculture and plantations. Strategies like modern occupational health legislation, enforcement machinery in sub-district level, training to health professionals, need for epidemiological evidence and international collaborations were discussed to deal with the situation.