DELUSIONS AND THE TYPES OF DELUSIONS.pptx

1. DELUSIONS DR STANLEY OBICHERE

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS DEFINITION OF DELUSIONS CAUSES OF DELUSIONS STAGES/SEVERITY OF DELUSIONS PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DELUSIONS OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS OF DELUSIONS CONTENT/THEMES OF DELUSIONS TREATMENT OF DELUSIONS

3. WHAT IS A DELUSION IT IS False , fixed, idiosyncratic beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary and are not typical of a patient’s culture or religion IT IS A THOUGHT DISORDER A  thought disorder  ( TD ) is any disturbance in  cognition  that adversely affects language and thought content, and thereby communication TYPES OF Thought disorders Disorders of the form of thought- flight of ideas, thought blocking, circumstantiality Tangentiality , loosening of associations. Disorders of the content of thought- True Delusions, delusion like ideas over valued ideas Disorders of the possession of thought- Thought insertion withdrawal and broadcasting DELUSION IS A TYPE OF DISORDER OF CONTENT OF THOUGHT

4. OTHER DEFINITIONS KARL JASPER a psychiatrist and a philosopher was the first to define the 3 main criteria for a belief to be considered delusional in his book General Psychopathology 1913 as follows C ertainty , (Held with absolute conviction) Incorrigibility,(Not changeable by compelling counterargument) I mpossibility or falsity of content( impausible , bizzare or patently untrue) (HAMILTON 1978) & (SIMS 2003)& (FRANK FISH) - A delusion is false unshakeable belief which arises from internal Morbid processes. It is easily recognizable when it is not keeping with the person’s educational and cultural background CTP 9 TH EDITION ( Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry) DELUSION CAN BE DEFINED AS FALSE BELIEF BASED ON INCORRECT INFERENCE ABOUT EXTERNAL REALITY FIRMLY HELD DESPITE OBJECTIVE AND OBVIOUS CONTRADICTORY PROOF OR EVIDENCE DESPITE THE FACT THAT OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE DO NO SHARE THE BELIEF

5. CAUSES OF DELUSIONS This can be discussed by looking at the role of various genetic, biological, and environmental or psychological factors. • GENETIC: the fact that delusional disorder is more common in people who have family members with delusional disorder or schizophrenia suggests that there might be a generic factor involved. It is believed that, as with other mental disorders, a tendency to develop delusional disorder might be passed on from parents to their children . • BIOLOGICAL: researchers are studying how abnormalities of certain areas of the brain might be involved in the development of delusional disorders. An imbalance of certain chemicals in the brain, called neurotransmitters, also has been linked to the formation of delusional symptoms. Neurotransmitters are substances that help nerve cells in the brain send messages to each other. An imbalance in these chemicals can interfere with the transmission of messages, leading to symptoms. • ENVIRONMENTAL/PSYCHOLOGICAL: evidence suggests that delusional disorder can be triggered by stress. • Alcohol and drug abuse: also might contribute to the condition. childhood abuse, inability to establish mutual trust with others, pathological upbringing People who tend to be isolated, such as immigrants low socioeconomic status or those with poor sight and hearing, appear to be more vulnerable to developing delusional disorder.

6. OTHER FACTORS CONCERNED WITH GENERATION OF DELUSION For Generation we have Background influences of temperament and personality Cognitive overload Maintenance of Self esteem Role of Affect/emotion The theory of dysfunctional cognitive processing , which states that delusions may arise from distorted ways people have of explaining life to themselves. A third theory is called motivated or defensive delusions. This one states that some of those persons who are predisposed might suffer the onset of delusional disorder in those moments when coping with life and maintaining high self-esteem becomes a significant challenge. In this case, the person views others as the cause of their personal difficulties in order to preserve a positive self-view

7. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DELUSIONS Delusions can be classified based on origins CAN BE either primary or secondary PRIMARY DELUSIONS : A delusion not occurring in response to another psychopathological form based. Jaspers describes it as a true delusions, result of a primary delusional experience. The core of Primary Delusion. It is rare and when it occurs it strongly suggest SCHIZOPHRENIA SECONDARY DELUSIONS : Are delusion like ideas which can be derived from other morbid psychological phenomena they can occur secondary to other psychopathological condition( perceptual disturbances patient’s mood & personality Disorder) they are understandable when a detailed psychiatric history and examination is available for example an individual becomes depressed suffers low mood and self esteem and subsequently believes they are responsible for some terrible crime which they did not commit.

8. EXAMPLE A person who works at a company may rigidly maintain the idea that he or she is the most valuable member of the company, that he/she will save the company from ruin, or that he/she will soon be made president of the company Disorders with overvalued ideas are H ypochondriasis, Morbid jealousy seen in paranoid and borderline personality Anorexia Nervosa Body dysmorphic disorder Gender Dysphoria (transsexualism)

9. CONTENT OF DELUSIONS Delusion of persecution Grandiose delusions Delusions of jealousy Delusions of love DELUSIONS OF GUILT DELUSIONS OF ILL HEALTH Somatic delusions NIHILISTIC DELUSIONS DELUSIONS OF POVERTY DELUSIONS OF CONTROL RELIGIOUS DELUSIONS DELUSIONS CONCERING POSESSION OF THOUGHTS MIXED DELUSIONS UNSPECIFIED DELUSIONS

10. OTHER DELUSIONS

11. TREATMENT FOR DELUSIONS DELUSIONS IS A SYMPTOM ASSOCATIED WITH MENTAL DISORDERS SUCH AS Delusional disorder, Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform disorder , Schizoaffective disorder Brief psychotic disorder, Mood disorders, Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder, Postpartum psychosis, Dementia , Parkinson’s disease. PHARMACOTHERAPY -Typical , or first-generation antipsychotics Atypical antipsychotics ,Tranquilizers & Antidepressants Psychotherapies that includes individual psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and family therapy

12. REFERENCES https:// www.slideshare.net/faisalshaan7/phenomenology-of-delusion-87873254 https:// www.slideshare.net/wasimgesawat/disorder-content https :// www.slideshare.net/sarandhas1/delusions-45833908 https:// www.slideshare.net/kavindyamj16/delusions-60810478 https:// www.slideshare.net/SasvinderKaur/delusion-ppt https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delusion