Demographic indicators

Demographic characteristics of a country provide an overview of its population size, composition, territorial distribution, changes therein and the components of changes such as natality, mortality and social mobility

1. Demographic indicators Sharon Treesa Antony Assistant Professor Govt.College of Nursing Alappuzha

2. Demographic characteristics of a country provide an overview of its population size, composition, territorial distribution, changes therein and the components of changes such as natality , mortality and social mobility

3. sources Census Vital events registers Sample registration system ( dual record system consisting of continuous enumeration of births and deaths by an enumerator and an independent survey every 6 months by an investigator ) Surveys

4. classification Population Statistics Vital Statistics

5. Population statistics Population size Age and sex composition Sex ratio Population density Dependency ratio

6. Vital statistics Birth rate Death rate Natural growth rate Life expectancy at birth Mortality rate Fertility rate

7. Population size Number of people living in the country India’s population, as per census 2011 stood at 12108.5 Lakh . The growth rate of population for India in the last decade – 17.64%

8. Age and sex composition  Proportion of population < 14 yrs. - “DECLINING Trend” . Proportion of the elderly “INCREASING”.  This Imposes a greater BURDEN on Health services in India.

9.   population pyramid A  population pyramid , also called an " age-gender-pyramid ", is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a  population   which forms the shape of a  pyramid   when the population is growing. Males are conventionally shown on the left and females on the right, and they may be measured by raw number or as a percentage of the total population. 

10. Sex ratio The number of females per 1000 males

11. Population density Number of persons living per square kilometer

12. Dependency ratio The proportion of persons above 65 years of age and children below 15 years of age are considered to be dependent on the economically productive age group (15-64 years). Total dependency ratio/Societal dependency ratio= Children 0-14 years + Population more than 65 years of age Population of 15-64 years

13. Can be divided into: Young age dependency ratio(0-14 years) Old age dependency ratio (65 years and more)

14. LITERACY Crude literacy rate= Number of literate persons *100 Total population in a given year

15. Effective literacy rate= Number of literate persons aged 7 and above Population aged 7 and above in a given year

16. crude birth r ate The crude birth rate is the number of live  births  occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

17. crude Death rate The crude death rate is the number of deaths occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

18. Natural growth rate When the crude death rate is subtracted from the crude birth rate, the net residual is the current annual growth rate, exclusive of migration.

19. Life expectancy at birth Life expectancy at birth  is  defined  as the average number of years that a newborn could expect to  live  according to the mortality pattern prevalent in that country. Indicator of country’s level of development & overall health status of the population.” •

20. Mortality rate A mortality rate is a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specified interval.  Eg : Crude mortality rate (crude death rate), Cause-specific mortality rate, Age-specific mortality rate, Sex-specific mortality rate

21. Fertility rate By fertility is meant actual bearing of children. Also called natality May be measured by number of indicators

22. Fertility based statistics/reproductive indicators Birth rate General fertility rate General marital fertility rate Age specific fertility indicators Age-specific marital fertility rate Total fertility rate Total marital fertility rate Gross reproduction rate Net reproduction rate Child-women ratio Pregnancy rate Abortion rate Abortion ratio Marriage rate

23. crude birth rate The crude birth rate is the annual number of live births  per 1,000  population.

24. General fertility rate It is the number of live births per 1000 women in the reproductive age group (15-44 or 49 years) in a given year.

25. General marital fertility rate (GMFR)  It is the number of live births per 1000 married women in the reproductive age-group (15 – 49 yr.) in a given year

26. Age- specific fertility rate It is the number of the live births in a year to 1000 women in any specified age-group

27. Age - specific marital fertility rate It is the number of live births in a year to 1000 married women in any specified age group. ASMFR= No. of live births in a particular age group *1000 Mid-year married female population of the same age group

28. Total fertility rate It is the average no. of children a woman would have if she were to pass through her reproductive years, bearing children at the same rate as the woman now in each age group

29. Total marital fertility rate Average no. of children that would be born to a married woman if she experiences the current fertility pattern throughout her reproductive span.

30. Gross reproduction rate Average number of girls that would be born to a woman if she experiences the current fertility pattern throughout her reproductive span (15-49 yr.) assuming no mortality.

31. Net reproduction rate It is defined as the number of daughters a new born girl will bear during her lifetime, assuming fixed age specific fertility and mortality rates.

32. Child-women ratio It is the number of children 0-4 years of age per 1000 women of child-bearing age, usually defined as 15-44 or 49 years of age.

33. Pregnancy rate It is the ratio of number of pregnancies in a year to married women in the ages 15-44 or (or 49 years).

34. Abortion rate It is the number of all types of abortions, usually per 1000 women of childbearing age (usually defined as 15-44 years).

35. Abortion ratio This is calculated by dividing the number of abortions performed during a particular time period by the number of live births over the same period.

36. Marriage rate It is the no. of marriages in the year per 1000 population: No. of marriages in the year *1000 Mid-year population

37. General Marriage rate : No. of marriages within one year *1000 No. of unmarried persons age 15-49years

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