Demography, population explosion n demographic trends

For MBBS students,
from based on PARK 25th edition, on topics
Demography, population explosion n demographic trends

1. Delay the first Postpone the second Prevent the third 1

2. Demography and Population Trends Dr Mamta Gehlawat MBBS MD PGDHHM PGDG Asst Prof Comm Med GMC SDPT 2

3. Demography the scientific study of human population. It focuses its attention on three readily observable human phenomena : (a) changes in population size (growth or decline); (b) the composition of the population; and (c) the distribution of population in space. 3

4. It deals with five "demographic processes", namely fertility, mortality, marriage, migration and social mobility. These five processes are continuously at work within a population determining size, composition and distribution 4

5. The main sources of demographic statistics in India are Population censuses, National Sample Surveys, Registration of vital events, and Adhoc demographic studies 5

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7. NSSO 7

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10. Stage Births Deaths Result High stationary Early expanding Late expanding Low stationary Decline 10

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12. World Population Trends Population milestone Year reached Years taken to reach 1 Billion 1800 1800 2 Billion 1930 130 3 Billion 1960 30 4 Billion 1974 15 5 Billion 1987 12 6 Billion 1999 12 7 Billion 2014 15 8 Billion ?2025 ?12 12

13. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ 13

14. Population Explosion explained (6min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBT5EQt348&ab_channel=Kurzgesagt%E2%80%93InaNutshell 14

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16. World population Facts https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ About three fourths of the world's population lives in the developing countries in terms of population USA ranks third in the world after India, there is a yawning gap of 1032 million between the population of these two countries The United Nations has estimated that world's population grew at an annual rate of 1.23 per cent during 2000-2010. China registered a much lower annual growth rate of population (0.6 per cent) during 2002-2012, as compared to India (1.4 per cent). In fact, the growth rate of China is now very much comparable to that of USA (0.9 per cent). Fun n Edu together: Watch One child nation on prime video. 16

17. Three countries of SEAR, i.e. India (1359 million), Indonesia (267 million) and Bangladesh (167 million) are among the most populous ten countries of the world. At present India's population is second to that of China. According to UN projections India's population will reach 1.53 billion by the year 2050, and will be the highest population country in the world 17

18. Birth Rate Number of children born per thousand persons in a year is called birth rate. According to SRS 2020 report = 20 (2018 data) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN?view=map Factors affecting Birth Rate?? 18

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20. Death Rate Number of persons dying per thousand persons in a year is called death rate. According to SRS 2020 report = 6.2 (2018 data) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CDRT.IN?end=2018&start=1960&type=shaded&view=map Factors affecting Death Rate?? 20

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22. Growth rate= Birth Rate – Death Rate 22

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24. • Approximately 95 per cent of population growth is occurring in the developing countries. • Currently, one-third of the world's population is under the age of 15, and will soon enter the reproductive bracket • The UNFPA estimates that world population is most likely to reach 10 billion people by 2050, and 20 billion a century later. • The expected number of births per women, at current fertility rates (2016) is : for industrialized countries 1.6 developing countries 2.8 least developed countries 4.2 The global total fertility rate is 2.4 24

25. The rampant population growth = the greatest obstacle to the economic and social advancement of the world. 25

26. DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS IN INDIA 26

27. Demographic Indicators Population statistics =population size, sex ratio, density and dependency ratio. Vital statistics =birth rate, death rate, natural growth rate, life expectancy at birth, mortality and fertility rates. Use of Demographic indicators- identifying areas that need interventions setting near and far-term goals and deciding priorities understanding in an integrated structure 27

28. 28 With only 2.4 per cent of the world's land area, India is supporting about 17.5 per cent of the world's population.

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30. States based on TFR (Total Fertility Rate) Very high focus (TFR > 3.0) Bihar , Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya High-focus (TFR = 2.2 to 2.9) Assam, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Mizoram, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Manipur, Rajasthan, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh Non-high focus (TFR < 2.1) All others 30

31. Population Pyramids/Age-Sex Pyramids https://www.thoughtco.com/age-sex-pyramids-and-population-pyramids-1435272 31

32. India’s Population Pyramid https://population-pyramid.net/en/pp/india https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BRUlHf5VC8Q 32

33. Sex ratio Sex ratio is defined as "the number of females per 1000 males". The sex ratio in India has been generally adverse to women. The sex ratio has also declined over the decades. A low sex ratio indicates strong male-child preference consequent gender inequities, neglect of the girl child resulting in higher mortality, female infanticide, female foeticide. 33

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35. Sex ratio At birth Child sex ratio 35

36. https://niti.gov.in/content/sex-ratio-females-1000-males 36 Sex Ratio at Birth - India & Larger States (Females per 1000 Males)

37. Dependency ratio = need for a society to provide for their younger and older population groups economically productive age group = 15-64 years dependant age groups= > 65 years of age and children <15 years total dependency ratio/societal dependency ratio= young age dependency ratio (0-14 years) plus old age dependency ratio ( > 65 years) For India, Total dependency= approx. 50 % (young age 41 %, and old age 9 %) 37

38. "demographic bonus" connotes the period when the dependency ratio in a population declines because of decline in fertility , until it starts to rise again because of increasing longevity "demographic burden" is used to connote the increase in the total dependency ratio during any period of time, mostly caused by increased old age dependency ratio 38

39. Density of population =ratio between (total) population and surface (land) area. In the Indian census, density is defined as the number of persons, living per square kilometre. 382 persons per sq km in 2011 39

40. Urbanization Urban areas in India Towns (places with municipal corporation, municipal area committee, town committee, notified area committee or cantonment board); all places having 5,000 or more inhabitants, a density of atleast 390 per square kilometre, pronounced urban characteristics and at least three fourths of the adult male population employed in pursuits other than agriculture In 2017, the urban population of India was 33.5 % The annual urbanization increase was 2.8 % 40

41. Family size In demography, family size means the total number of children a woman has borne at a point in time The completed family size indicates the total number of children borne by a woman during her child-bearing age. which is generally assumed to be between 15 and 45 years. The family size depends upon numerous factors, viz. duration of marriage, education of the couple, the number of live births and living children. preference of male children, desired family size, etc. 41

42. The family planning programme's campaign is currently based on the theme of a "two-child'' family norm, with a view to reach the long-term demographic goal of NRR = 1 42

43. Literacy and education A person is deemed as literate if he or she can read and write with understanding in any language . term literacy rate is used for the population relating to seven years age and above Government of India has made education compulsory up to the age of 14 years in the country Still high drop out rates in the first few years of schooling 43

44. Gender gap in literacy is shrinking in the country India- 74% Males-82% Females -65% Kerala -94% literates Bihar- 64% literates 44

45. Life expectancy = the average number of years which a person of that age may expect to live, according to the mortality pattern prevalent in that country indicator of a country's development and overall health status of population 45

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