Dental caries

NOTE : all this from my reading in some scientific website and articles

I hope that you enjoy and you benefit❤

1. Definition:*
Caries calcified tissues of the teeth are modified and dissolved. By mainly Streptococcus
mutans .
*Dental caries stages


*Demineralization And Remineralization

•reach the
tooth's pulp.
•reaches into the
dentin, where it
can spread and
undermine the
enamel.
•Enamel starts to
break down.
(Irreversible
lesion).
•demineralization
of enamel layer
by microbial
acids.
(Reversible
lesion)
1
st
stage
(white spots)
2
nd
stage
(Enamel
decay)
4
th
stage
(Pulp
involvement)
3
rd
stage
(Dentin
decay)
Caries sites
Pit-and-fissure caries Smooth-surface caries . Root caries

2. Main Factors Involved In Dental Caries *










Teeth: the microbe challenges a susceptible
surface on some areas of the tooth to attack
than other that related to many factor
positionand morphologyof teeth.
Microorganism : S mutansconsidered the
caries initiator
Diet : most cariogenicsugar is sucrose
Acidogenicbacteria
•S viridanceasS
mutans.
•Lactobacillus sp.
Proteolyticbacteria
•Actinomycessp.
•Colistridiasp.
•Pseudomonas sp.
Chromogenic
bacteria
•Asprigillussp.
Ability to adhere
to the tooth
surface
colonization). )
Production of
glucansand other
polysaccharides to
plaque
accumulation.
Production of
acids to
Production of
acids
Tolerate the
low pH values.

3.  Adherence factors (adhesins as pili).
 Invasive factors e.g TB as the organism produces disease by invasion
of tissues.
 Ability to survive intracellularly as Neisseria sp.
 Toxic production as Dephtheria, the organism multiplies locally in
the throat but releases strong toxin diffuses to the blood.
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Important
bacteria in caries
Streptococcus
mutans.
Lactobacilli sp
Actinomycessp.
Virulence
factors of
S mutans
Initial attachment
to tooth surfaces
Acid tolerance
Acid production
Polysaccharide
production
(1) Extrusion of H
+

(2) Malolactic
fermentation
(3) Alternation of cell
(4) Production of
ammonia

 metabolize a variety
of sugars,resulting in
the production of a
number of weak
acids.
 Initiators of smooth
surface caries.

 energy source
 plaque accumulation.
There is an outer fibrillar
layer its function include :
- Attachment to salivary
pellicle.
-Adhere to colonizing
streptococci.

4. • The role of saliva in caries



The role of
saliva in caries
Formation of
acquired enamel
pellicle.
Washing effect of saliva.
Buffering effect of saliva.Salivary antibodies.
Antibacterial substances.
DONE BE :
Ghadeer Hassan