History taking Chief complaint : ฟันกรามหลังบนผุและแตก Present illness : ฟันกรามหลังบนด้านซ้ายและขวา แตกมานานประมาณ 1 ปี ไม่มี อาการปวด Past medical history - Hyperthyroid treatment partial thyroidectomy completed thyroidectomy - เคยได้รับอุบัติเหตุรถจักรยานยนต์ล้ม หมอนรองกระดูกเคลื่อน Current medicine : Thyroxine 50 mg ประวัติการแพ้ยา : แพ้ Dicofenac แบบฉีด
Extraoral examination General appraisal : normal Skull : normal Facial form and profile : normal Skin : normal Eyes : normal Neurologic deficit : normal Lymph nodes of head and neck : normal TMJ : normal Masticatory muscle: normal
Extraoral examination (Cont.) Lymph nodes of head and neck : normal TMJ : normal Masticatory muscle: normal Opening pattern : straight Salivary glands : normal Muscles of head and neck : normal
Intraoral examination
Intraoral examination Lip Vermillion border : normal Lip commissure : normal Inner surface of lip : normal Buccal mucosa : linear alba Salivary flow rate : normal Oropharynx : normal Soft palate : normal
Intraoral examination (Cont.) Hard palate : torus palatinus size 10x10x3 mm3 Tongue : Hyperpigmentation Floor of mouth : normal Gingiva : Physiologic hyperpigmentation at the anterior area of upper arch from tooth 32 and 33
Intraoral radiographic examination
Treatment plan Visit Tooth number Procedure 1 00 - History taking - Extra-oral examination - Intra-oral examination - Radiographic examination 2 00 16 34 Treatment planning discussion Extraction Fluoride varnish. 3 25,26,27 Extraction 4 17 O – resin composite B – resin composite 5 13 14 OM,OD - resin composite filling. OM – resin composite filling.
Treatment plan (Cont.) Visit Tooth number Procedure 6 12 22 D, Pa – resin composite Pa – resin composite filling. 7 48 Extraction 8 15,16,25,26,27 Impression RPD design 9 15,16,25,26,27 Try – in framework 10 15,16,25,26,27 Try – in artificial teeth 11 15,16,25,26,27 Insert RPD 12 00 - Reinforce oral hygiene and preventive program - Check all restorations and prostheses. - 3 months recall.
Role of Dentist Suspect a serious thyroid disorder , aid in early diagnosis Avoid possible dental complications resulting from treating patients with thyroid disorder
Drug interactions of L- thyroxine increases the effects of warfarin sodium : coagulation tests in the patient that taking an oral anticoagulant Tricyclic antidepressants : elevates L- thyroxine levels
anti-thyroid drugs ( PTU ) has anti-vitamin K anti-thyroid drugs ( Thioaminds ) ASA interferes protein binding of T4 and T3 epinephrine is contraindication interfere thyroid gland function Reduction protocol Dental management
Symptoms of Thyroid crisis
How thyrotoxicosis contributes to heart failure
Cardiovascular signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism
Before treatment dental treatment presence of cardiovascular disease, assess cardiovascular status. symptoms of thyroid disease, defer elective treatment and consult a physician. Give attention to drug-induced leukopenia and anemia . Make proper treatment modifications if the patient is receiving anticoagulation therapy . Take blood pressure and heart rate. If blood pressure is elevated in three different readings or there are signs of tachycardia/ bradycardia , defer elective treatment and consult a physician .
During dental treatment Monitor vital sign during procedure Euthyroid no contraindication to local anesthesia with epinephrine Use caution with epinephrine if patient take nonselective beta blocker Hyperthyrodism not controlled should avoid epinephrine Minimize stress Discontinue treatment if there are symptom of thyroid disease
After dental treatment hypothyroidism sensitive to central nervous system depressants and barbiturates. Control pain precaution NSAID for hyperthyroidism , avoid aspirin . Continue hormone replacement therapy or antithyroid drugs as prescribed
Dental management of thyrotoxic crisis Large doses of antithyroid drugs ( 200 mg of propylthiouracil ) Potassium iodide Propranolol Hydrocortisone ( 100-300 mg ) Dexamethasone Intravenous ( IV ) glucose solution
Management of myxedema coma Hydrocortisone 300 mg, ติดตามอาการทางระบบทางเดินหายใจ หลอดเลือด ความดัน และการเปลี่ยนแปลง สมดุลอิ เล็ก โตรไลท์