Departmental endangered species

Endangered medicinal plants

1. Endangered Species Presented BY Dr Devraj K.C. PG 1 st year Guided By:- Dr Anuradha KN Assistant Professor Dravyaguna Department

2. IUCN Head office- Gland, Switzerland

3. Inger Andersen-General director, IUCN

4. Endangered species An endangered species  is a  group (population) of animals, plants or other organisms that is in danger  of becoming extinct. This could happen because there are few of that animal left, its predators have grown in number, or the climate that it lives in is changing, or the places it lives  in have been destroyed.

5. Cause of endangered of species Overhunting or overharvesting. Habitat loss Highly specialized species. Pollution New species introduction and competition Human-wildlife conflict. Disease High genetic vulnerability

6. Endangered species of India India is a hub of the wild-collected plant medicine industry in Asia, but key species have declined due to over-collection to supply domestic and foreign medicinal markets, according to IUCN. IUCN updated the Red List in June 2015, and added forty-four Indian medicinal plants in the list. In the update, eighteen plants are categorized as vulnerable, sixteen as endangered and ten as critically endangered species. Critically endangered category indicates, a species facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

7. Criteria to Endangered species An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of  ≥ 70% over the last 10 years or three generations , whichever is the longer, where the  causes of the reduction are clearly reversible and understood and ceased . An observed, estimated, inferred or suspected population size reduction of ≥ 50% over the last 10 years or three generations, whichever is the longer, where the reduction or its causes may not have ceased OR may not be understood OR may not be reversible. A population size reduction of ≥ 50%, projected or suspected to be met within the next 10 years or three generation .

8. Criteria to Endangered species Extent of occurrence estimated to be  less than 5,000  km². of occupancy estimated to be  less than 500  km². Population estimated to number fewer than 2,500 mature individuals

9. IUCN Office in India

10. Rules for protection of endangered plant species Mining and Mineral Development Regulation Act 1957. Water (prevention and control of pollution) act 1974. Forest Conservation Act 1980. Air(prevention and control of pollution) act 1981. Environment Protection Act 1986. Biological Diversity Act 2002. Scheduled Tribes and other traditional forest dwellers (recognition of rights) act 2006.

11. Policies related to Environment and Bio Diversity National Forest Policy. National Conservation Strategy and Policy statement on Environment and Development. National Policy and macro-level action strategy on Biodiversity. National Biodiversity Action Plan (2009). National Agriculture Policy. National Water Policy.

12. Traayamaana ( Gentiana kurroo )

13. Minkling ( Gymnocladus assamicus )

14. Ksirakakoli ( Lilium polypyllum )

15. Kuth ( Saussurea costus )

16. Gokshura )( Tribulus rajasthanensis )

17. Jatamansi ( Nardostachys jatamansi )

18. Valeriana leschenaultia

19. Guggulu ( Commiphora wightii )

20. summary In a nutshell, it may be said that the main reasons behind the existing threats to these medicinal plants are due to loss and degradation of habitat, illegal trade, over exploitation, over grazing, human settlements, climatic disaster and due to avalanches. There is a need of hour to conserve these threatened species by bridging the gap. To review trade regulations and its implementation, develop its cultivation packages, sustainable collection practices, habitat management, besides conducting surveys and periodic monitoring across known range may prove beneficial .

21. Cont….. The Interntional Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)Red List of threatened species is globally recognised as the most comprehensive, global approach for evaluating the conservation on status of plant, fungi and animal species. The year 2015 updates of IUCN Red List of threatened plants reveals the addition of forty-four medicinal plant species from India.

22. references Dr Anurag Dhyani , Critically Endangered Indian Medicinal Plants, research gate College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Mekelle University, Anurag Dhyani , D. Dhyani , IUCN Red List-2015:Indian Medicinal Plants at risk,https :// www.researchgate.net /publication/297568847 N.P. MANANDHAR , SOME ENDANGERED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF NEPAL, Botanical Survey and Herbarium, Godawari , Lalipur , Nepal. www. CITES.org 23