Dermatophilosis

Clinical signs, treatment, prevention and control

1. A Presentation on Dermatophilosis Course no: VM 633 Course Title: Veterinary Dermatology Prepared By- Group B 18 VMED - JJ 11M 18 VMED - JJ 12M 18 VMED - JJ 13M 18 VMED - JJ 14M 18 VMED - JJ 15M 18 VMED - JJ 16M 18 VMED - JJ 17M

2. Outline Synonyms Definition Etiology Epidemiology Risk factors Economic Importance Clinical Findings Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Treatment Prevention & control

3. Synonyms Mycotic dermatitis in sheep Cutaneous streptotricosis Senekobo disease of cattle Lumpy wool of sheep Cutaneous antinomycosis Strawberry foot rot disease

4. Definition It is a seasonal superficial skin disease of animals & men characterized by exudation & matting of hair & wool therefore formation of crust & scab.

5. Etiology Dermatophilus congolensis Two morphological form – filamentous hyphae & motile zoospores. Gram negative, aerobic or facultative anaerobic.

6. Epidemiology Distribution: World wide distributed M ore economic loss in Africa Australia New Zealand Europe Middle east & North central & S o u t h America.

7. Cont… Host Range : Wide Commonly in cattle, sheep, horse but occasionally in horse, rarely in pigs, dogs & cats. Mostly affects young animals . Human also affected.

8. Cont… Transmission: Animal to human. Through contact or through ticks & flies. Infection can be spread by shearing, dipping or introducing an infected animal into a herd or flock.

9. Risk factors Skin susceptibility is increased by Trauma The effect of prolong or heavy rain fall Exposure of unpigmented skin to the sun Malnutrition & concurrent disease.

10. Cont… Factors that reduce or permeate the natural barriers of integument are Rain High humidity High temperature Various ectoparasites

11. Economic Importance D efect in hides & skin Fleeces containing scabs become down graded Decrease milk production Reduce fertility in dairy cow Performance draft cattle reduce Animal suffer from cachexia & death

12. Clinical Findings Hair mated together- paintbrush lesion. Crust or scab formation as initial lesion coalesce. K eratinized material forming wart like lesion. The underline skin – red coarsely granular and often haemorrhagic .

13. Cont… On healing , the scab separate from skin but remain attached to the hair. Oral lesions in buffaloes and bulls, e rosion or raised granulomatous lesions affect palate, lips, and dorsal surface of the tongue

14. Fig. Dermatophilosis Fig. Dermatophilosis Fig . Dermatophilus congolensis

15. Diagnosis Presumptive diagnosis- Based on skin lesions demonstration of causative agents in scab or skin. Confirmatory diagnosis- Microscopic examination of the organism C ulture on blood agar media (a narrow zone of haemolysis is seen) FAT, ELISA and PCR also.

16. Differential diagnosis Dermatophilosis – Hair matted together, Crust or scab formation on skin, presence of wart-like lesions. Scabby mouth - Scab formation Foot rot - Lameness, Foul smell form affected limbs Photosensitization- Intense irritation, Affect unpigemented skin ( ear, muzzle, vulva, face, conjunctiva ), Rubbing affected area.

17. Treatment Antibiotics : Erythromycin – 12.50 mg / kg bwt. Daily, IM. Penicillin-G -10,000-20,000 IU/Kg bwt. (12-24 or 48- 72 hrs intervals), IM Streptomycin- 11mg / kg bwt. (12 hours intervals), IM Tetracycline -10 mg /kg bwt. (24 hours intervals), IM # In chronic infection- procaine penicillin @ 22000 IU/kg and streptomycin @ 22 mg/kg bwt IM. # If these fail – Penicillin+Streptomycin adm . Daily for 5 days or LA Oxytetracycline @ 20 mg/kg bwt , IM.

18. Prevention & control Direct contact and grooming materials (affected ones) should be avoided. Controlling fly and tick population. Maintaining good hygiene in rainy season. After sharing and clipping animal should be dipped in 0.5% Zn sulfate solution. Alum should be used in sharing. Maintaining quarantine . No satisfactory vaccine.