Description of family solanaceae in semi technical term/class11 bilogy

Solanaceae family consists of tomato, potato plants.

1. Description of family s olanaceae in semi technical term Dambar Singh Khatri

2. This family includes 85 genera and 2200 species. Distribution: Majority of members of this family are distributed in tropical region and also in temperate regions. The largest genus of this family is Solanum includind 1500 species. Habit: M ost of the members of this family are erect or climbing herbs, shrubs or trees. Root : Tap, branched, sometimes adventitious. Stem: Erect, herbaceous, or woody, branched, hairy, solid or fistular . Sometimes modified into underground tuber. Leaf : cauline or ramal , alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, exstipulate , simple, entire or lobed or wavy, unicostate , reticulate venation.

3. Inflorescence: cymose , usually axillary Flower: Ebracteate, pedicellate , complete, bisexual, actinomorphic, pentamerous , hypogynous . Calyx: sepals-5, gamosepalous, campanulate or tubular, persistent, hairy, valvate aestivation, inferior. Corolla: petals-5, gamopetalous, infundibuliform or tubular, valvate or twisted aestivation, inferior. Androecium: stamens-5, polyandrous, epipetalous, alternating to petals, anther dithecous , connate, basifixed , introse , inferior.

4. Gynoecium: Bicarpellary , syncarpous , ovary superior, bilocular , many ovules in each locule , axile placentation, with swollen placenta, style short, stigma bilobed . Fruit: Berry or capsule Seed: Albuminous Pollination: Entomophilous Floral formula: Ebr

5. Brugmansis Solanum nigrum Solanum melongena Capsicum annum Lycopersicum esculentum

6. Economic importance Used as vegetable. Eg . Potato, tomato Some are used as edible fruits.eg, Rasbhari Used in spices. Eg , chilies Tobaco plants used in smoking. Some plants used in medicine. Eg . Belladona . Atropine is extracted from this plants and used for dilating pupil.

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