Design & development of Packhouses

design criteria and development of packahouses

1. PRAGATI SINGHAM PH.D (I YEAR) FPE DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF

2. Packhouse Vs Cold storage Mechanism Function Process flow Safety measures Plant layout Construction design CONTENTS

3. PARTICULARS PACKHOUSE COLD STORAGE Aim Increment in Market potentiality Extension of shelf life Unit operations Cleaning/washing/grading/ sorting/ waxing/storage/transportation Cleaning/grading/sorting/ cooling/storage Governing body APEDA or private sector MoFPI or private sector PACKHOUSE VS. COLDSTORE

4. Cleaning Grading Washing Drying Inspecting Packing & etc. MECHANISM OF PACKHOUSE

5. Acts as an- accumulation or collection point temporary holding area prior to distribution dispatch point of produce to different destinations FUNCTION OF PACKHOUSE

6. Process flow for ‘ Carabao ’ mangoes destined for export markets (www.fao.org)

7. RECEIVING Maturity assessment Removal of foreign matters Trimming WEIGHING (Digital) 1kg scale -manual sizing (individual) 50 or 100kg scale (incoming & outgoing produce) Internal breakdown in ‘ Carabao ’ mango PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE

8. SORTING GRADING Static – inspection table Dynamic - moving belt Color sorter Surface defects PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE Dynamic grader

9. SIZING Based on weight/density Based on dimension PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE

10. WASHING Water-chlorinated water-water Water-hot water/steam(50-65 °C for 10-25s ) with brush PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE

11. REMOVING FIELD HEAT Contact icing Hydro-cooling Forced air cooling Vacuum coolers(may be tunnel) Evaporative cooling A FIRST-IN, FIRST OUT( FIFO ) SYSTEM PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE D ryer Blower

12. WAXING Food-grade waxes to reduce moisture loss Applied by foaming/ spray/ dipping and dripping CONVEYING Belt conveyor Gravity conveyor (manual moving of conveyor) Waxing of citrus by spraying PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE

13. PACKAGING For delicate produce Less delicate produce PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE Bagger for retail packing

14. PALLETIZING Examples of container dimensions that are compatible with metric pallets (1 200 × 1 000 mm) Chimney stacking pattern of cartons on a pallet and a central air space to allow heat to escape from the cartons Pallet for unitized handling of containers Insulated pallet PROCESS FLOW IN PACKHOUSE

15. SAFETY MEASURES (MECHANICAL BRUISING) Delivery of fruit from a roller conveyor to a belt conveyor Rubber or plastic hoses used as bumpers Blanket to de-accelerate the speed

16. Recommended design for a tank filled with liquid: (A) poor design may contain dead ends (B) design with improvements for hygiene ( Rahman 2007) SAFETY MEASURES A B

17. PACKHOUSE LAYOUT (U-SHAPE) 1 5 3 2 4 7 6 9 8 10

18. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION Wood or bamboo: tables, benches, bins, crates and pallets (dry product) SS 304 and SS 316: food contact surface Tungsten inert gas welding food contact joints. Metal inert gas welding non-food contact joints CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

19. ROOF Overhanging ( atleast 1 m)- canvas or plastic 3 m above the floor (height improve ventilation) Galvanized iron sheet with insulation (PS or laminated plastic) Translucent or corrugated roofing panel (light) Screened roof vents FLOORING Concrete, smooth finished Thick α load (reinforced with wire mesh & iron bar) mostly 10 cm heavy load-13-15cm Slope 2-4% CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

20. DOOR & DOORWAY Width -1.5m(min) Gap between door & jambs 3mm(max.) WALLS Concrete, smooth, non-absorbent, pest proof Slope 45 ° Floor-to-wall and wall-to-wall radius 5-6cm (min) CEILING Acoustic board Distance between finished floor and ceiling- 2.4m (min) Paint-white CONSTRUCTION DESIGN Door & doorway

21. WINDOWS Screened (opening max 3mm) Slope 45 ° Height- 1m above floor VENTILATION Cellulosic evaporative cooling pads (reduces temperature) Evaporative coolers LIGHTING An evaporative cooler that makes use of cellulosic pads (inset) as wetted media CONSTRUCTION DESIGN

22. http://mpstateagro.nic.in/Project%20Reports%20pdf/BANANA%20PACK%20HOUSE.pdf http://www.haith.co.uk/ https://www.magrabi-agriculture.com/packhous.htm Rahman , M.S. 2007. Hygienic design and sanitation. In M.S. Rahman , ed. Handbook of food preservation (2nd ed.), pp. 957-968. Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press . Mitchell , F.G. 1992. Packages for horticultural crops. In A.A. Kader, ed. Postharvest technology of horticultural crops, pp. 45-52. Davis, California, Univ. of California . Reyes , M.U. 1988. Design, concept and operation of ASEAN packing-house equipment for fruits and vegetables . Postharvest Horticulture Training and Research Center , University of the Philippines at Los Baños . 56 pp . REFERENCES

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