DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF CEILING BOARD USING SAWDUST AND WASTE CARTON MATERIALS.pptx

The need for ecofriendly materials as building materials in this century cannot be overemphasized

1. DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF CEILING BOARD USING SAWDUST AND WASTE CARTON MATERIALS

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Background of the study Statement of the problem Aims and objectives Significance of the study scope Introduction Literature review Methodology Pictures of formulated ceiling board Results and Discussion Conclusion

3. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Wood though a good source of fibre is a major composition of agricultural waste. When burnt off on disposal sites constitutes environmental hazards such as CO2 emission, one of the gases responsible for global warming and degradation of agricultural soil (Ezenwa et al. 2019). The utilization and consumption of agricultural products though beneficial creates waste which is a major environmental concern. Waste management may therefore likely help in preventing the further accumulation of waste especially waste wood and waste paper.

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM As more industries and businesses are set up, coupled with the increasing rates of urbanization and world population, waste generation from industries and communities in developed and developing countries have continued to increase (Awuchi et al. 2020). The continuous combustion of waste results in the depletion of the ozone layer which pose great danger to humans and other creatures.

5. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To develop a ceiling board from sawdust and waste carton materials. To characterize the produced ceiling board for physical and mechanical properties. To determine the optimum ratio of sawdust and waste carton material for ceiling board production.

6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The concern of more waste being produced daily, and the threat it poses to the environment via pollution. Huge quantities of post-consumer waste timber are generated worldwide especially in Nigeria at a significant rate and the level of its recycling is small when compared with other construction and demolition wastes (Oluwasogo et al. 2019). Sawdust and waste carton material collection, recycling and reuse, hence provides an alternative to obtain cheap ceiling board.

7. SCOPE This research was focused on the application of sawdust and waste carton materials for ceiling board production and its characterization.

8. CEILING BOARD Muhammed et al ., (2019) defines ceiling board as composite products manufactured from particles of wood or other cellulosic fibre materials using adhesive as a binder. The important role of ceiling board includes To create a perfect ambience that can improve the acoustical system. Used as insulators and reduces heat transfer into the building. Adds value to the exiting architecture of buildings. INTRODUCTION

9. LITERATURE REVIEW

10. METHODOLOGY Figure 1.1 Flow diagram for the production process The procedure adopted for production of the ceiling board was carried out in eight (8) major steps similar to that of Kolo et al ., (2018). Sample collection and preparation Sorting Soaking Beating Mixing Mould Drying Trimming

11. PICTURES OF FORMULATED BOARD

12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Sample Density (Kg/m 3 ) Water Absorption (%) A1 510.20 20.62 A2 585.71 17.53 B1 724.34 15.90 B2 807.29 13.71 C1 542.77 12.90 C2 881.92 10.23 Sample Property Compressive Strength (MPa) Tensile Strength (KPa) Impact Strength (KJ/m 2 ) Coefficient of Friction Young’s Modulus (MPa) A1 106.00 75.00 1720.00 0.70 1.23 A2 133.00 81.00 1789.50 0.67 1.94 B1 98.20 61.00 1660.70 0.73 1.69 B2 82.70 264.30 1338.35 0.70 2.23 C1 66.50 46.00 828.57 0.67 0.82 C2 65.30 26.40 819.05 0.65 0.31 Physical properties of the formulated ceiling board Mechanical properties of the formulated ceiling board Table 1.1 Physical properties of the formulated ceiling board Table 1.2 Mechanical properties of the formulated ceiling board

13. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD..) Standard Properties of Medium Density Fibre-Cement Ceiling Board Property ASTM Standard Standard Remarks Density 500 - 800 Kg/m 3 Good Water Absorption ≤ 15 % Good Tensile Strength 50 KPa Good Compressive Strength 38.23 MPa Good Table 1.3 Standard Properties of Medium Density Fibre-Cement Ceiling Board

14. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD..) Density Density of the boards is a function of fibre – cement ratio. The density increased in boards A2, B2, and C2 which had higher fibre – cement ratio and decreased in B1, C1 and A1 which had less in order of decrease. The densities of the formulated boards also agree with that of Ikubanni et al ., (2018) when compared with standard values as presented in Table 1.3. Water absorption This is the ability of a material to absorb water or moisture. Increase from board C2 through A1 which could be as a result of the different particle size sawdust proportion mixed with pulp to form the fibre for the boards. The obtained result agrees with that of Obam, (2012); Ataguba, (2016); Yakubu et al ., (2017) and Aggarwal, (1991). Figure 1.2 Water absorption of formulated ceiling boards

15. Compressive behaviour This is the capacity of a material to withstand forces that are pushing on it potentially causing the material to compress (Spacey, 2017). Decrease in compressive strength observed from board A2 through C2 which may be due to the variation in the mix proportions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD..) Impact strength behaviour Impact strength is the resistance of a material to fracture by a blow, expressed in terms of the amount of energy absorbed before fracture. Boards with 1:1 sawdust to pulp ratio had higher impact energy. The result of impact strength obtained agrees with that of Olawale, (2009). Figure 1.3 Compressive behaviour of formulated ceiling boards

16. Tensile behaviour The tensile strength of a material is a measure of the force required to pull a material to the point where it breaks (Zoback, 2007). Board A1 through B2 had higher tensile strength. Board C1 and C2 had lower tensile strength due to the percentage of sawdust content in each mix which was more in boards. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (CONTD..) Young’s modulus Young’s modulus is a measure of the stiffness of an elastic material (Zee Ma et al ., 2016). A1 through B2 had higher stiffness. C1 and C2 had lower stiffness. Figure 1.4 Young’s Modulus of formulated Ceiling boards

17. CONCLUSION Ceiling board was develop ed from sawdust and waste carton materials. It could be an alternative for conventional ceiling board. It proffers solution to the challenge of waste disposal. The optimum formulation of the ceiling board was seen in b oard B2 with 4:1 sawdust to .

18. RECOMMENDATION Establishment of factories in rural and urban areas where these waste as recycled and converted to ceiling board as part of development programme to create jobs for skilled and unskilled personnels. Improved durability.

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