Design engineering report for gtu

only for gtu students

1. i


GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL
UNIVERSITY









Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology


A
Project
Report On
“REMOVAL OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN FROM
WASTE WATER ”
UNDER SUBJECT OF
DESIGN ENGINEERING,
B. E. III, Semester - 6
Branch - Chemical
engineering

Submitted by:
Group Id: 64738

SR NO. NAME ENROLMENT NO.
1 PATEL ARMIN S. 160420105035
2 PATEL CHINTAN K. 160420105037
3 PATEL KEVAL K. 160420105041

Prof. Bansi Kansagra Prof. Vaishali Umrigar

(Guide) (Head of the Department)

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SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, SURAT



CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “REMOVAL OF
AMMONIACAL NITROGEN FROM WASTE WATER ” carried
out by Patel Armin, Patel Keval And Patel Chintan has been done
under my guidance in fulfilment of Design Engineering – 2B in
Chemical engineering(6
th
semester) of Gujarat Technological
University, Ahmedabad during the year academic year 2019-20.




PROF.:BANSI KANSAGRA PROF.:VAISHALI UMRIGAR

(Guide) (Head of Department)
Date: Examiner:

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SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, SURAT


ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our deep sense of gratitude to Prof. BANSI KANSAGRA
for their kind cooperation and valuable guidance throughout the
process of our work.
We also thank other faculties for their suggestion and verdict during
the course.
Special thanks to Sarvajanik College of Engineering and technology
for providing us a well-equipped library.
Lastly, we would like to thank our friends and family for their constant
support and encouragement.

Name of student Enrolment no.
PATEL ARMIN 160420105035
PATEL CHINTAN 160420105037
PATEL KEVAL 160420105041

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Index
a. Abstract
b. Introduction
c. literature review
Canvas

a. Empathy mapping
b. Ideation canvas
c. Product development
d. AEIOU canvas
e. Learning need matrix
f. Prototype
g. Practical performed
Reference

5. 1



ABSTRACT:
Ammoniacal nitrogen is often used to determine the health of rivers,
lakes and human-made reservoirs. Ammonia can be harmful to water
systems and humans who come into contact with them. For this reason,
the level of ammoniacal nitrogen released into the water is carefully
measured and, if necessary, lowered. Ammoniacal nitrogen is found in
many household water-soluble fertilizers, which lower the pH of soil
and provide the necessary nutrients to help plants grow.

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INTRODUCTION:Ammoniacal nitrogen is a measure for the
amount of ammonia a toxic pollutant often found in landfill leachate
and in waste products, such as sewage, liquid manure and other liquid
organic waste products. Large scale urbanization, a consequence of
economic development is leading to production of huge quantities of
waste water in India and posing serious environmental problems for
their disposal. It is evident that the protection of our water resources is
of major importance on a global scale. The treatment and disposal of
sludge produced during waste treatment is one of the most critical
environmental issues of today. Sludge produced is large in volume and
hazardous. Another issue of concern is that the sewage sludge produced
and effluents are frequently disposed off on agricultural lands as
fertilizer and irrigation purpose, respectively, due to their nutrient
contents, especially N and P without any treatments, but they may
induce plant and soil toxicity and may have depressive effects on the
metabolism of soil microorganisms. Therefore, there is a need for
ecologically sound technologies which are not only cost- effective, but
also sustainable in terms of possible recovery of recyclable constituents
from sewage sludge as they are rich in nutrients and have higher
organic content. NH4-N has been identified as one of the major
toxicants to microorganisms in the treatment system, suggesting that
pre-treatment prior to the biological treatment system is required to
reduce the concentration of NH4-N. Ammoniacal Nitrogen
contamination is highly toxic and it would adversely affect aquatic life
if is discharged above sustainable limit. NH4-N is the toxicant that is
causes the death of tilapia fish. The high content of ammoniacal
nitrogen is the major factor that affects the toxicity of wastewater.

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SOURCES OF AMMONIACAL NITROGEN:

The removal of dyes from industrial effluents is an area of research
receiving increasing attention as government legislation surrounding
the release of contaminated effluent is becoming increasingly stringent.
The presence of very low concentrations of dyes in effluent is highly
visible and undesirable. The effluents from the dyes industry containing
high concentration of NH4-N contribute majorly to the wastewater
pollutants. There are more than 100,000 dyes available commercially,
most of which are difficult to decolorize due to their complex
structure and synthetic origin. These systems depended on biological
activity and were mostly found inefficient in the removal of the more
resistant synthetic dyes.Most wastewater treatment plants do not accept
dye- containing effluent due to its adverse effects on microbial
populations that would affect the biological treatment i.e. aeration tank,
secondary clarifier. Majorly fertilizer and dyes manufacturing
industries have high NH4-N content in their effluent. The main
pollutant in nitrogenous fertilizer manufacture is ammonical nitrogen .
Therefore, the treatment of effluent for removal recovery/recycle for
ammoniacal nitrogen is essential.

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METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL OF NH4-N

Many processes have been studied for exploring the treatment of
wastewater containing ammonical nitrogen. Of these few processes are
of commercial importance and may be opted for treatment. The
available processes of practical importance can be broadly divided into
two main categories: physio chemical processes which involve
stripping of ammonia of effluent by air or stream and ion exchange. It
also includes the MAP process which satisfies technical- economic
feasibility. Other category is the biological processes which include
nitrification followed by denitrification of ammonia and algal uptake
of ammoniacal nitrogen. Some other methods of treatment which has
less practical importance are chlorination, electro dialysis, reverse
osmosis, distillation etc. Stripping of ammonia in wastewater is
transferred to surrounding atmosphere, where as ion exchange capital
and operating cost is very high.

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Canvas:
1.Empathy canvas

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2.Ideation canvas









3.Product development canvas

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4. A.E.I.O.U.
 Activities

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 Environment

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 Interaction

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 Objects

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 Users

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 Learning needs matrix

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 Prototype

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 Mind maping

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 Practical performed

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\

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Reference:
[1] Ayusho M, Pascual J.A, Garcia. A, Hremandez. T, “Evaluation
of urbanwastes for agricultural use”, Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., vol. 42, pp
105–111, 1996.
[2] Ueno. Y, Fujii M., “3 years operates experience selling recovered
struvite from full-scale plant”, Tech. Biotech. 50, pp 257-264, 1996
[3] Nigam. P, Armour G., Banat I.M, Singh D, Marchant R.,
“Physical removal of textile dyes from effluents and solid-state
fermentation of dye-adsorbed agricultural residues”, Bio. Tech. 72, pp
219-226, 2000
[4] “Advanced Biological treatment processes” By Lawrence K.
Wang,
Norman C. Pereira, Yung-Tse Hung, Wiley inc. pub., edition 1, pp 345
[5] “Waste minimization and cost reduction for the process
industries” By Paul N. Cheremisinoff, (treatment of effluent fertilizer
industry example), edition 1, pp 285-299
[6] Lee S.I, Weon S.Y, Lee C.W, Koopman. B, “Removal of nitrogen
and phosphate from wastewater by addition of bittern”, Chemosphere
51, pp 265–271, 2003
[7] Michalowski T, Pietrzyk A, “A thermodynamic study of struvite
plus water system”, Jr. of Talanta 68, pp 594–601, 2006
[8] Daekeun K, Ryu H.D, Kim M.S, Kim J., Lee S., “Enhancing
struvite precipitation potential for ammonia nitrogen removal in
municipal landfill leachate”, Jr. of Env. Quality 30, pp 1548-1563,
1996
[9] Khwairakpam M, Bhargava .R, “Vermitechnology for sewage
sludge recycling”, Jr. of Hrzd. Mat. 161, pp 948–954, 2009