Detail Analysis Consolidation of British Rule

Consolidation of British Rule

1. MODERN INDIAN
HISTORY
NIKHIL PATILModern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

2. CONSOLIDATION OF BRITISH RULE
MEANS OF CONSOLIDATION OF BIRTISH RULE IN INDIA
ECONOMIC
POLICY
CONSTITUTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTIONS
&
RULE
APPARATUS
EDUCATION
POLICY
PRESSS
POLICY

3. LAND REVENUE SYSTEM

4. FARMING OUT SYSTEM / IJARDARI
SYSTEM

5. PERMANENT SETTLEMENT

6. RYOTWARI SETTLEMENT

8. MAHALWARI SETTLEMENT

12. COMMERCIALIZATON OF
AGRICULTURE

14. DEINDUSTRIALIZATION

16. DRAIN OF WEALTH

17. FAMINES

18. During East India Rule

19. During Crown Rule

21. Bengal Famine 1942-43

26. EDUCATION POLICY
&
IDEOLOGIES OF RULE

27. 1765 -1772

28. Orientalism (1772-1813)

29. Utilitarism (1813-1830’s)

31. EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

32. Efforts of Orientalists

33. Efforts of
Utilitarians/Anglicists

34. Charter Act 1813

35. The Controversy

36. Macaulay Minute of 1835

38. Wood’s dispatch

42. Hunter Commission

43. Raleigh Commission

44. Saddler Commission

47. Hartog Committee

48. Sargent Education Plan

49. Engineering

51. RULE APPARATUS

52. ARMY

53. PRE 1857

55. POST 1857

56. INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES

58. Aitchison Commission 1886

59. Islington Commission & Lee
Commission

60. POLICE

61. Para-Military Model

62. JUDICIARY

63. Reforms under Cornwalis

65. Reforms under Bentick

67. DEVELOPMENT OF MEANS OF
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICCATION

76. Constitutional Developments
between 1773-1858
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

77. Regulating Act 1773
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915
➢Diwani Rights after Battle of Buxar: EIC became a commercial
body having Politico-Administrative Powers
➢Dual Government System of Bengal: Destruction of rural
economy
➢Clivian Fiscal Bubble: Bankruptcy of EIC
➢Famine of Bengal 1769-70

78. ➢Company Retains Possessions:This act permitted the company to retain
its territorial possessions in India but sought to regulate the activities and
functioning of the company.
➢Control over Indian Affairs: Through this act, for the first time, the British
cabinet was given theright to exercise control over Indian affairs.
➢Introduction of Governor-General: It changed the post of Governor of
Bengal to“Governor-Generalof Bengal”.
✓The administration in Bengal was to be carried out by the governor-
general and a council consisting of 4 members.
✓Warren Hastingswas made the first Governor-General of Bengal.
✓The Governor of Bombay and Madras now worked under the Governor-
General of Bengal.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915
Provisions of Regulating Act 1773

79. ➢Establishment of Supreme Court : A Supreme Court of judicature was to
be established in Bengal(Calcutta)along withappellate jurisdictions
where all subjects could seek redressal.
✓It comprised one chief justice and three other judges.
➢More Systematic Official Behaviour: As EIC officials will not be allowed to
take presents, gifts or bribes.
➢Court of Directors were expected to report revenue expenditure of EIC in
India to British Parliament.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

80. Significance of Regulating Act
➢For the first time, British Cabinet was given right to exercise
control over Indian officials.
➢Laid the foundation of centralized administration (Unitary type
of Government)
➢Recognized political and administrative functions of EIC
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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81. Amending Act of 1781
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82. Provisions
➢In 1781, the Act was amended and the Governor-General,
the Council and theservants of the government were
exempted from the jurisdictionif they did anything while
discharging their duties.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

83. pitt’s india act 1784
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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➢Appointment of William Pitt’s as the Prime
Minister of Britain in 1780’s: He wanted to curb the
growing powers and do not want EIC to be a giant
Monster

84. ➢Dual Control System: It established thedual system of control by the British
governmentand theEast India Company.
✓The Company became a subordinate department of the State and itsterritories
in India were termed ‘British possessions’.
✓However, it retained the control of commerce and day-to-day administration.
➢Court of Directors and Board of Control Established:
✓ABoard of Controlwas formed to exercise control over the Company’s civil,
military and revenue affairs. It consisted of:
✓Thechancellor of exchequer
✓Asecretaryof state
✓Fourmembers of the Privy Council(appointed by the Crown)
✓The important political matters were reserved to asecret committee of three
directors (Court of Directors)in direct touch with the British government.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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Provisions of pitt’s india act 1784

85. ➢Governor General Council:The Act gave the Governor-General and a
Council of three members including the commander-in-chief to control over
the government of India.
✓The Governor-General would be able to get his way if he could win the
support of even one member.
✓The Governor General was given acasting vote.
✓In 1786, Lord Cornwallis was granted the power of both the
governor-general and the commander-in-chief.
✓He was allowed to override the council’s decision if he owned the
responsibility for the decision.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

86. Charter Act 1793
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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➢British Parliament at this point of time also wants to
make more profits from India like the EIC : But 1600
Charter provides Exclusive Monopoly rights to EIC

87. Provisions of Charter Act 1793
➢Review of Charter every 20 years
➢EIC retained its monopoly over Indian and Chinese
trade
➢Royal approval needed for appointments of GGB,
Governors and Executive Council members
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

88. ➢Extension of Powers to Governor-General: It extended the overriding
power given to Lord Cornwallis over his council, to all future Governor-
Generals and Governors of Presidencies.
➢Appointments of Senior Officials: The royal approval was mandated
for the appointment of the governor-general, governors, and the
commander-in-chief.
Senior officials of the Company were debarred from leaving India
without permission—doing so was treated as resignation.
➢Payments of Officials:It laid down that the members of the Board of
Control and their staff were to be paid out of the Indian revenues (it
continued up till 1919).
✓The Company was also asked to pay 5 lakh pounds annually to the
British government (after paying its necessary expenses).
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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89. Charter Act 1813
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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➢Adam Smith’s Wealth of Nations: Promotion of Lasseiz Faire
Politics (Free Trade)
➢Demand of English Traders: The English traders demanded a share
in the Indian trade.
✓This demand was particularly in view of loss of trade due to the
Continental System of Napoleon Bonaparte who sought to
cripple England commercially.

90. ➢End of Company’s Monopoly:By this, theCompany was
deprived of its commercial monopolyand ‘the undoubted
sovereignty of the Crown’over the possessions of the East
India Company was laid down.
✓Trade monopoly:The trademonopoly of the Company in
India was ended
✓Trade with India was thrown open to all Britishers.
✓Exclusive trade:Trade inteaand trade withChinawas
still exclusive to the Company.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915
Provisions of Charter Act 1813

91. ➢Assistance to Learned Natives:A sum of Rs.1,00,000 annually was
provided for therevival of literature, encouragement of learned
Indian nativesandpromotion of scientific knowledgeamong the
Indians.
✓This was the first step towards acceptance of the principle of
State responsibility for education.
➢Dividend of shareholders increased from 5% to 10.5%
➢Cristian missionaries for the first time were allowed to operate in
British India
➢GGB + Governors of Bombay & Madras have to place their laws and
bills in front of British Parliament for its assent
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

92. Charter Act 1833
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93. ➢Company’s Trade Situation: The lease of 20 years provided to
the Company (under Charter Act, 1813) for the possession of
territories and the revenue collection was further extended.
✓However, theCompany’s monopoly over trade with
China and in tea ended.
➢European Immigration: All restrictions on European
immigration and the acquisition of property in India were lifted
which paved the way for the wholesale European colonization
of India.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915
Provisions of Charter Act 1833

94. ➢Introduction of Governor-General of India: The post name of Governor-
General of Bengal was converted into "Governor-General of India".
✓He was given thepower to superintend,control and direct all civil
and military affairsof the Company.
✓Allrevenues were raised under his authorityand he
hadcomplete control over the expendituretoo.
✓William Bentinckbecame the first Governor-General of India.
➢Law Commission: It was established under this act for the consolidation
and codification of Indian Laws.
✓Itadded a fourth ordinary Memberto the Governor-General’s Council
for India who was to be a legal expert in the making of laws.
✓Lord Macaulaywas the first to be appointed as the fourth ordinary
Member.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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95. ➢No Indian should denied of employment under EIC.
➢Steps to ameliorate conditions of slaves and to ultimately
abolish slavery (abolished in 1843).
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
Contact Number: 8319794915

96. Charter Act 1853
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➢Law making was the exclusive task of Governor
General of India and his Executive Council: Need to
create more differentiation

97. ➢Company’s Trade Situation:The Company was to continue possession of
territories unless the Parliament provided otherwise.
✓TheCompany’s patronage over the services was dissolved;the services
were now thrown open to a competitive examination.
➢Separation of functions:By the Act, theseparation of the executive and the
legislative functionswas carried a step further by the provision of additional
members of the council for the purpose of the legislation.
✓Indian Legislative Council: Local representationwas introduced in the
Indian legislature. This legislative wing came to be known as theIndian
Legislative Council.
➢Civil Services:All vacancies in lndia were to be filled inby competitive
examinations.
Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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Provisions of Charter Act 1853

98. Modern History By Nikhil Patil Sir
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