Detailed Poultry Production and Feeding Records.

Poultry farming, particularly broiler farming, involves raising birds like chickens for meat production. It requires careful management of housing, disease control, biosecurity, feeding, and water supply. Proper housing with good ventilation regulates air quality, temperature, and humidity, all essential for bird health. Overcrowding is avoided to reduce stress and disease. Disease control, through vaccination and sanitation, is crucial in preventing outbreaks like Newcastle disease and avian influenza. Biosecurity measures, such as limiting farm access and disinfecting equipment, help protect the flock.

Feeding is vital for growth and production. Birds are given specific feeds at different stages: starter feed for chicks, grower feed for older birds, and finisher feed before market. This ensures proper nutrition for rapid growth. Broilers typically follow a 24-hour lighting schedule to increase feed intake and promote faster weight gain. Clean water is always provided to support digestion and overall health.

Live weight monitoring is key to assessing growth. Broilers are regularly weighed to ensure they meet target weights, typically reaching market size (2-3 kilograms) in 5-7 weeks under optimal conditions. A low feed conversion ratio indicates efficient growth, meaning less feed is needed for more weight gain. Tracking live weight and feed intake allows for adjustments in management practices to improve production efficiency.

By optimizing these practices, poultry farmers can achieve better growth rates, reduce costs, and maintain bird health, leading to more productive and profitable operations.

1. Project Report Presentation On Poultry Production Submitted by: Group ‘O’ Subodh Poudel (R.N: 85) Sulochana Poudel (R.N: 86) Suman Bhandari (R.N: 87) Suman Ghimire (R.N: 88) Sushma Poudel (R.N: 89) Tulsi Ram Bhusal (R.N:90) Submitted to: Dr. Deepak Tiwari Coordinator of BVSc. & A.H NPI , Bharatpur

2. Table of contents S.N Topic Slide no. 1. Introduction 2-5 2. Objectives 6 3. Materials Required 7-8 4. Methodology 9-10 5. Poultry Data Report 11-14 6. Result & Discussion 15 7. Conclusion 16

3. Introduction The origin of what we know today as poultry farming can very probably be traced to South East Asia . Charles Darwin believed that present-day hens come from a wild species of fowl known as “Gallus Bankiva”, which originated in a broad area of Asia extending from India to the Philippines, and which was first domesticated 7,000 years ago . It was at the end of the 19 th  and the beginning of the 20 th  century that, thanks to advances in genetics and nutrition, poultry farming became an expanding livestock activity . Poultry farming is the form of animal husbandry which raises domesticated birds such as chickens, ducks, turkeys and geese to produce meat or eggs for food. Poultry farming has become one the most important aspects of agriculture.

4. Chicken is one of the most popular domesticated fowls in Nepalese Society ,Nepalese culture, tradition and food habits shows perpetual presence of domesticated chickens in Nepalese house holds since the beginning of recorded history . Meat chickens, commonly called broilers, are floor-raised on litter such as wood shavings, peanut shells, and rice hulls, indoors in climate-controlled housing . Under modern farming methods, meat chickens reared indoors reach slaughter weight at 4 to 8 weeks of age. Broilers are young chicken of either sex of four to eight weeks of age, tender meat with soft, pliable, smooth textured skin and flexible breast bone cartilage.

5. Benefits of poultry farming : a)Less Capital Required. b) No Need for a Big Space. c) High Returns in Short Time Period. d) High Maintenance not required. e) License not Compulsory. f) Huge Global Demand. g) Easy Marketing. h) Income & Employment Opportunities. Easy Bank Loans. The advantages of broiler farming are : a) Initial investment is lower than layer farming. b) Rearing period is 5-6 weeks only. c) More number of flocks can be taken in the same Shed. d) Broilers have high feed conversion efficiency i.e. the amount of feed required for unit body weight gain is lower in comparison to other livestock. e) Faster return from the investment. f) Demand for poultry meat is more compared to sheep/goat meat.

6. Housing : There are 3 types of housing system: a) Free-range b) Semi-intensive c) Intensive Deep litter Cage Here, we practiced intensive (deep litter) housing system. Housing Temperature: Weeks Temperature 1 st 95°F 2 nd 90°F 3 rd 85°F 4 th 80°F 5 th 75°F 6 th 70°F

7. Objectives : Broad objectives : To serve as the demonstration farm to the public in general about the methods of rearing with improved practices. To know about the weight gain by the poultry by providing the feed and do economic analysis of it. To be able to observe progress of broilers through organized feeding and vaccination/medication. Specific objectives : To intake best and hygienic poultry product like meat. To know about the diseases of poultry. To know about the care that should be given to poultry. To know about the daily feed uptake by the poultry. To know how to manage the poultry farm.

8. Materials used : Feeder Waterer Brooder Gas cylinder Rice bran Broiler ration Weighing balance Excellent Rehydration Solution (Electrolytes) Bulb Broiler chicken Newspaper Knapsack sprayer Black polythene plastic sheet Lime Glufort Thermometer F strain vaccine (Ranikhet disease) + Diluter Georgia strain (Infectious bursal disease)

9. Knapsack sprayer B.P Plastic Sheet Liming Litter (Rice Bran) Brooder Installment Broiler chicks Thermometer ERS Electrolyte F-strain vaccine Georgia strain

10. Methodology : Day 1 : 2078-11-18 : P oultry project work was started. The students were divided into 16 groups with 16 cages. Among them, our group was ‘O’. Poultry farm was cleaned by water and then dried for a day. Day 2 : 2078-11-20 : Black polythene plastic was wrapped around poultry house for maintaining temperature (25°C). Lime dusting was done as well as Glufort (2ml per litre water) was sprayed. Day 3 : 2078-11-22 : Litter (rice bran) was added, newspaper was placed over litter for 1 st one week. Installment of brooder and light bulb was done, temperature was maintained at 95°F. 40 ml ERS electrolyte (glucose, reduces stress) mixed with water was provided for 200 chicks. 204 chicks were kept with B-0 feed and 3 can water in a single cage. Day 4 : 2078-11-23 : 1 st week B-0 feed and water were started to provide to chicks at morning time. Day 5 : 2078-11-27 : 5 days old 11 chicks were distributed to each group. Litter was added in each cage. Day 6 : 2078-11-29 : Feeds provided & remained and net weight gained data collection were started on daily basis and weekly basis, respectively. One week old chicks were vaccinated by dilution of diluter + F strain vaccine of 500 dosages against Ranikhet disease (one drop one eye per chick). Day 7 : 2078-12-6 : 2 weeks old chicks were vaccinated by Georgia strain against Infectious bursal disease 200 dosages in 5L of water after making them thirsty for one hour (must touch mucus membrane of chicks). Day 8 : 2078-12-7 : B-1 feed was started. Day 9 : 2078-12-15 : B-2 feed was started. Day 10 : 2078-12-30 : 38 days old broilers were distributed to markets and students.

11. ERS electrolyte (glucose, reduces stress) Vaccinated by dilution of diluter + F strain vaccine of 500 dosages against Ranikhet disease (one drop one eye per chick) Vaccinated by Georgia strain against Infectious bursal disease 200 dosages in 5L of water after making them thirsty for one hour (must touch mucus membrane of chicks).

12. Feed consumption/week/bird: Weeks Weight of feed Feed no. 1 st 167 gm B-0 2 nd 375 gm B-0 3 rd 650 gm B-1 4 th 945 gm B-2 5 th 1215 gm B-2 Feed consumption/day/11 birds: Weeks Weight of feed Feed no. 1 st 262 gm B-0 2 nd 589 gm B-0 3 rd 1021 gm B-1 4 th 1485 gm B-2 5 th 1909 gm B-2 Poultry Data Report:

13. Feed Report: S.N Date Feed no. Feed provided Feed Remained 1) 2078-11-29 B-0 606 gm ---- 2) 2078-11-30 B-0 603 gm 296 gm 3) 2078-12-01 B-0 593 gm 308 gm 4) 2078-12-02 B-0 595 gm 176 gm 5) 2078-12-03 B-0 590 gm 82 gm 6) 2078-12-04 B-0 590 gm 75 gm 7) 2078-12-05 B-0 590 gm 50 gm 8) 2078-12-06 B-0 1045 gm 10 gm 9) 2078-12-07 B-1 1025 gm 100 gm 10) 2078-12-08 B-1 1023 gm 403 gm 11) 2078-12-09 B-1 1041 gm 188 gm 12) 2078-12-10 B-1 1040 gm 162 gm 13) 2078-12-11 B-1 1021 gm 130 gm 14) 2078-12-12 B-1 1021 gm 200 gm 15) 2078-12-13 B-1 1568 gm 112 gm

14. S.N Date Feed no. Feed provided Feed Remained 16) 2078-12-14 B-1 1483 gm 800 gm 17) 2078-12-15 B-2 1485 gm 250 gm 18) 2078-12-16 B-2 1486 gm 400 gm 19) 2078-12-17 B-2 1485 gm 786 gm 20) 2078-12-18 B-2 1486 gm 100 gm 21) 2078-12-19 B-2 1490 gm 200 gm 22) 2078-12-20 B-2 1909 gm 250 gm 23) 2078-12-21 B-2 2000 gm 500 gm 24) 2078-12-22 B-2 1909 gm 150 gm 25) 2078-12-23 B-2 1909 gm 200 gm 26) 2078-12-24 B-2 1000 gm 0 gm 27) 2078-12-25 B-2 1914 gm 0 gm 28) 2078-12-26 B-2 1910 gm 0 gm 29) 2078-12-27 B-2 1912 gm 0 gm 30) 2078-12-28 B-2 1000 gm 50 gm

15. Weight gain report/week: S.N Date Net weight of 11 birds Net weight/bird Weight gained/bird 1) 2078-11-29 1752 gm 159 gm ----- 2) 2078-12-06 4600 gm 426 gm 267 gm 3) 2078-12-13 7782 gm 707.45 gm 281.45 gm 4) 2078-12-28 13600 gm 1236 gm 528 gm

16. Result and Discussion : Problem faced : Lack of feed in proper time. No facility to diagnose the disease. No safety for poultry i.e. stealing and exchanging of poultries. Light problem. No proper temperature management. Calculation ratio: As college administration had taken the responsibility of poultry rearing from 5th weeks onward and the total weight gained by 11 poultry was 16.6 kg. On an average, total weight gain by one poultry was 16.6kg/11 i.e. 1.5 kg. On an average, feed per chicken was 2.4 kg. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) = average total feed intake per bird / weight gain per bird i.e. 2.4/1.5 = 1.6. For broiler producers, an FCR of 1.6 means that their chickens gain 1 kilogram of weight for every 1.6 kilograms of feed consumed . The lower the FCR, the more efficient animals are at converting feed into food.

17. Conclusion : From the project work on poultry production we were able to conclude that: Poultry is one of the most important occupations in Nepal. Number of local farmers are interested to be engaged in this farming. We were able to extract knowledge regarding the poultry farming and its management. Even the low investment can turn out to be beneficial in broiler farming. Feed intake by broiler was observed to be comparatively low but its production is maximum.

18. Thank You For your attention!