Determining HLB Value

This presentation is as a preliminary knowledge on how to calculate the HLB value base on Griffin's Methods nor coventional methods

1. By : Mala Pidiyanti . R&I Dept., CV LIDAH BUAYA Januari 2014 FORMULATING WITH HLB VALUE CALCULATION

2. H ydrophile L ipophile B alance The relationship ( or balance ) between the hydrophilic portion of the nonionic surfactant to the lipophilic portion It was invented in 1954 by William C. Griffin of the Atlas Powder Company ( bought by ICI in 1971 ) As a guidance to good emulsification performance HLB values are calculated for nonionic surfactants only The HLB value is an indication of the solubility of the surfactant

3. T he chemistry of a nonionic surfactant ? Each surfactant has a hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group T he hydrophilic group is usually a polyhydric alcohol or ethylene oxide The lipophilic group is usually a fatty acid or a fatty alcohol T he lower the HLB value the more lipophilic or oil soluble the surfactant is T he higher the HLB value the more water soluble or hydrophilic the surfactant is HLB Value range is between 1 - 20

4. SURFACTAN PROPERTIES BASED ON HLB VALUE The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule : A value from 4 - 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent A value from 7 - 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier A value from 12 - 16 indicates O/W (oil in water) emulsifier A value from 11 - 14 indicates a wetting agent A value from 12 - 15 indicates a detergent A value of 16 - 20 indicates a solubiliser or hydrotrope

5. HLB/WATER DIPERSIBILITY RELATIONSHIP

6. Calculating “HLB VALUE” with Grifin’s Methods

7. Another Methods of Calculating HLB Value Calculate the hydrophilic groups of the surfactant on a molecular weight basis and then divide that number by 5 Example : oleth-20 is a 20 mole ethoxylate of oleyl alcohol the molecular weight of the 20 moles of ethylene oxide ( one mole ETO =44 )  20 x 44 = 880 add this number to the molecular weight of the oleyl alcohol  880+ 270 ( oleyl alcohol) = 1150 ( the mol. wt) Percentage of 20 mole ethoxylate from 20-oleth?  880/1150 = 76.5% 76.5% divided by 5 = 15.3 15.3 is the HLB value of oleth-20

8. HLB SYSTEM : HLB VALUE MEET HLB REQUIRED √ HLB Value : The balance between the hydrophilic portion to the lipophilic portion of the nonionic surfactant √ HLB Required : the value of HLB that required by every Lipophilic ingredient in the O/W emulsions. √ HLB System is matching the HLB value of your surfactant with the Lipohilic ingredient in the emulsion system.

9. Some general “HLB required” for O/W emulsions OIL (LIPOPHILIC) CLASS REQUIRED HLB Vegetable Oil Family 6-8 Silicones Oil 8-12 Petroleum Oil and wax 10 -12 Typical Ester Emmolient 12-14 Fatty Acid and Fatty alcohol 14-16

10. Formulating with HLB value mixing unlike oils together use surfactants with HLB’s of 1 to 3 making water-in-oil emulsions use surfactants with HLB’s of 4 to 6 wetting powders into oils use surfactants with HLB’s of 7 to 9 making self emulsifying oils use surfactants with HLB’s of 7 to 10 making oil-in-water emulsions use surfactant blends with HLB’s of 8 to16 making detergent solutions use surfactants with HLB’s of 13 to 15 for solubilizing oils ( micro-emulsifying ) into water use surfactant blends with HLB’s of 13 to 18

11. CALCULATING HLB VALUE IN EMULSION SYSTEM Example : A simple O/W lotion formula mineral oil 8 % caprylic / capric triglyceride 2 % isopropyl isostearate 2 % cetyl alcohol 4 % emulsifiers 4 % polyols 5 % water soluble active 1 % water 74 % perfume q.s . preservative q.s .

12. Calculations: add up the oil phase ingredients mineral oil 8 % caprylic / capric triglyceride 2 % isopropyl isostearate 2 % cetyl alcohol 4 % 16 emulsifiers 4 % polyols 5 % water soluble active 1 % water 74 % perfume q.s . preservative q.s .

13. Calculations: divide each by the total to get the contribution to the oil phase Mineral oil 8 / 16 = 50% caprylic /cap. trig. 2 / 16 = 12.5% isopropyl isostearate 2 / 16 = 12.5% cetyl alcohol 4 / 16 = 25%

14. CONCLUSIONS : One you know the required HLB of individual oils it is easy to mathematically calculate the required HLB of a mixture of oils knowing the required HLB of an oil or an oil mixture means that you can use the least amount of surfactant to achieve emulsification Surfactant choice considerations: 1. Chemical type ester VS ether lipophilic group, e.g. lauryl VS stearyl 2. Physical form liquid VS solid VS beads 3. FDA “status” ( if any ) is there an N. F. monograph 4. Price VS function 5. Blend VS single surfactant 6. Efficiency of the surfactant

15. Surfactant choice considerations:

16. Philip Haw, 2005, “ THE HLB SYSTEM, A TIME SAVING GUIDE TO SURFACTANT SELECTION’, UNIQEMA Bonnie Pyzowski , Mani Dhamdhere , “ Rapid HLB-Based Method for Formulating and Improving Emulsion Stability”, www.angus.com