Development of Learners at Various Stages - Pre-natal.pptx

prenatal development, in humans, the process encompassing the period from the formation of an embryo, through the development of a fetus, to birth (or parturition).

Track the development of a human being from embryo to fetus to newborn
Track the development of a human being from embryo to fetus to newbornLearn about human embryonic and fetal development from fertilization to birth.
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The human body, like that of most animals, develops from a single cell produced by the union of a male and a female gamete (or sex cell). This union marks the beginning of the prenatal period, which in humans encompasses three distinct stages: (1) the pre-embryonic stage, the first two weeks of development, which is a period of cell division and initial differentiation (cell maturation), (2) the embryonic period, or period of organogenesis, which lasts from the third to the eighth week of development, and (3) the fetal period, which is characterized by the maturation of tissues and organs and rapid growth of the body. The prenatal period ends with parturition and is followed by a long postnatal period. Only at about age 25 years are the last progressive changes completed.
Germinal stage
The germinal stage is the shortest stage of fetal development. It begins at conception when a sperm and egg join in your fallopian tube. The sperm fertilizes the egg and creates a zygote. The zygote begins its journey down to your uterus over the course of about one week. During this journey, the zygote divides many times, eventually creating two separate structures. One structure eventually becomes the embryo (and later, the fetus) and the other becomes the placenta. Cell division continues at a rapid pace. Eventually, the zygote turns into a blastocyst. The blastocyst arrives at your uterus and implants into your uterine lining. If implantation is successful, your body immediately begins producing hormones to support a pregnancy. This also stops your menstrual period.

Embryonic stage
The embryonic stage lasts from about the third week of pregnancy until the end of the eighth week of pregnancy. The blastocyst begins to take on distinct human characteristics. It’s now called an embryo. Structures and organs like the neural tube (which later becomes the brain and spinal cord), head, eyes, mouth and limbs form. The cells that will form the fetal heart begin to cluster around five to six weeks and can pulse. Buds that will become arms and legs also form around the sixth week. By the end of the eighth week, most of the embryo’s organs and systems take shape. For a lot of people, this is the point in pregnancy where morning sickness begins.

Fetal stage
The fetal stage of development begins around the ninth week and lasts until birth. This is when the embryo officially turns into a fetus. The fetus gets its assigned sex around nine weeks of pregnancy, although your healthcare provider can’t detect it on ultrasound yet. The fetus’s major organs and body syste

1. Development of the Learners at Various Stages Prepared by: Melody Balangeg Danggoec Mangsi

2. Pre-natal Period “The history of man for nine months preceding his birth would, probably, be far more interesting, and contain events of greater moment than all three scores and ten years that follow it.” Samuel Taylor Coleridge English Poet, Essayist, 19 th century Learning Outcomes Trace he course of the pre-natal development process that you all went through; Explain the most common hazards to pre-natal development; Become more appreciative of the gift of life manifested in an anti-abortion stand. https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/courses-images/wp-content/uploads/sites/3707/2018/12/19212406/pregnancy.png

3. Are you Pro-abortion or Pro-life?

4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wrQYHeodRio

5. A. Stages of Pre-natal Development

6. 1. Germinal Period A . Creation of zygote B. Continued cell division C. Attachment of the zygote to the uterine wall Differentiation of cells already begins as inner ( Blastocyts ) and outer (Trophoblast ) layers of the organism are formed. https://media.geeksforgeeks.org/wp-content/uploads/20231229171257/Zygote-660.png First 2 weeks after conception

7. 2. Embryonic Period A. Cell differentiation intensifies B. Life support systems for embryo develop C. Organs appear Zygote attached to the wall of the uterus 2 layers of cells are formed - Inner layer = Endoderm - Outer layer= Ectoderm & Mesoderm Organogenesis- Process of organ formation during the first 2 months of pre-natal development https://www.centroname.it/wpname/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/embrione-centro-name.jpg 2-8 weeks after conception

8. Life Support System Placenta Umbilical cord Amnion/ amniotic sac https://www.centroname.it/wpname/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/embrione-centro-name.jpg

9. 2. Fetal Period 3 inches long Wt. 1 ounce -Active, moves its arms and legs, opens and closes it’s mouth, moves its head. -parts of the face, upper and lower extremities can be distinguished. -Genitals can now be Identified. https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 3 Months

10. 2. Fetal Period 6 inches long Wt. 4-7 ounces -Growth spurt occurs in the body’s lower parts -Reflexes are stronger -Mother feels the movement of the embryo -Downy hair (lanugo) covers body https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 4 Months

11. 2. Fetal Period 12 inches long Wt. close to a pound Structure of the skin (fingernails, toenails are formed More active Heartbeat is audible with ordinary stethoscope https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 5 Months

12. 2. Fetal Period 14 inches long Wt. 1 ½ pound Eyes and eyelids are completely formed Fine layer of head covers the head Grasping reflex present Irregular movements occur https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 6 Months

13. 2. Fetal Period 16 inches long Wt. 3 pounds -Cerebral cortex of brain develops https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 7 Months

14. 2. Fetal Period 17 inches long Wt. 5 pounds -Subcutaneous fat is deposited for later use. -Responds to sounds https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 8 Months

15. 2. Fetal Period 21 inches long Wt. 7 pounds Organ functions actively -vernix is present over the entire body -position for birth https://catherinefoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/fetal_development.jpg 2 months -7 months after conception 9 Months

16. B. TERATOLOGY AND HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT TERATOLOGY- is the field that investigates the causes of congenital (birth) defects. Teratogen- Any agent that causes a birth defect. From the Greek word tera meaning “monster” Most susceptible in the embryonic stage Severity and type of defect depends on dosage, genetic susceptibility, and time of exposure https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0194/3447/products/general_hazard_label.png?v=1493716576

17. CLUSTERS OF HAZARDS TO PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0194/3447/products/general_hazard_label.png?v=1493716576

18. 1. PRESCRIPTION AND NON-PRESCRIPTION DRUGS Causes babies to be addicted Antibiotics Estrogen Aspirin Diet pills https ://image.slideserve.com/727467/drug-use-in-pregnancy-l.jpg

19. 2. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Psychoactive Drugs Drugs that act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions, an change moods. Caffeine : High consumptions (2 or more 8-oz cups of coffee; 5 or more 12-oz cans of cola) can cause a high risk of miscarriage https ://image.slideserve.com/727467/drug-use-in-pregnancy-l.jpg

20. 2. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol: During pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( FASD) FASD is abnormalities in the child including facial deformities, defective limbs and organs, and mild to moderate mental illness https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rXKhizNU_Ms/maxresdefault.jpg

21. 2. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Psychoactive Drugs Alcohol: During pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder ( FASD) FASD is abnormalities in the child including facial deformities, defective limbs and organs, and mild to moderate mental illness https://i.ytimg.com/vi/rXKhizNU_Ms/maxresdefault.jpg

22. 2. PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Cocaine , Methamphetamine higher rates of infant mortality, low birth weight, and developmental and behavioral problems. Marijuana, Heroin lower intelligence in children, ADHD https://c8.alamy.com/comp/MMWAT8/marijuana-leaf-with-forbidden-sign-no-drug-no-to-marijuana-cannabis-leaf-icon-in-prohibition-red-circle-no-drugs-allowed-anti-drugs-no-smoking-MMWAT8.jpg

23. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS https://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/pollution-pregnancy-risk-to-unborn-fetus-as-polluted-smoke-stacks-toxic-waste-environmental-danger-mother-baby-d-161098462.jpg Radiation toxic wastes ( carbon monoxide, mercury, lead,  coal ash) Prolonged exposure to saunas/ bath tubs

24. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https://my.clevelandclinic.org/-/scassets/images/org/health/articles/17798-rubella TIGDAS HANGIN

25. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/158f337cc520e2a0cecbdc96d6b3e0cae74aaf79/0_80_1280_768/master/1280.jpg?width=1200&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=9531ad31ad3e605a4a5d64243399d2c2 Syphilis (a sexually transmitted infection)

26. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https://img.medscape.com/slide/migrated/editorial/cmelive/2006/5166/images/slide25.gif Genital Herpes

27. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https:// www.wikiihealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/5595155822_0f277679cd_z.jpg https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/oral-thrush-in-aids-baby-dr-ma-ansaryscience-photo-library.jpg AIDS is a sexually transmitted infection that is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which destroys the body’s immune system. A mother can infect her offspring with HIV/AIDS in three ways: ( 1) during gestation across the placenta, ( 2) during delivery through contact with maternal blood or Fluids, ( 3) postpartum (after birth) through breast feeding

28. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES MATERNAL MALNUTRITION Folic acid deficiency Neural tube defects two types Open NTDs- Anencephaly, encephaloceles , hydranencephaly , iniencephaly , schizencephaly and spina bifida. Closed VNTDs - Lipomyelomeningocele , lipomeningocele and tethered cord.

29. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https:// www.wikiihealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/5595155822_0f277679cd_z.jpg https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/oral-thrush-in-aids-baby-dr-ma-ansaryscience-photo-library.jpg OPEN NTDs

30. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES https:// www.wikiihealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/5595155822_0f277679cd_z.jpg https://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/oral-thrush-in-aids-baby-dr-ma-ansaryscience-photo-library.jpg CLOSED NTDs Lipomyelomeningocele Tethered Cord

31. 4. MATERNAL DISEASES Emotional States and Stress Adrenaline producing factors such as intense fears, anxieties, and stress are linked to preterm delivery Risk factor for emotional or cognitive problems, ADHD, and language delay Maternal Age 20s Fertility declines until mid-30s Mortality rates of infants born to adolescent mothers is double that of infants born to mothers in their 20s After 35 Down Syndrome increases Risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and fetal death

32. 5. OTHER PARENTAL FACTORS Exposure to lead , radiation, certain pesticides and petrochemicals -May cause abnormalities in the sperm that lead to miscarriage / diseases such as childhood cancer. Older fathers may place their offspring at risk of certain defects

33. 5. OTHER PARENTAL FACTORS Exposure to lead , radiation, certain pesticides and petrochemicals -May cause abnormalities in the sperm that lead to miscarriage / diseases such as childhood cancer. Older fathers may place their offspring at risk of certain defects

34. Thank you!