Developmental Milestones

Developmental Milestones
Occupational Therapy
Final year
SAIMS, Indore [M.P.]

1. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES? A developmental milestone   is an ability that most children achieve by a certain age. These milestones can involve physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and communication skills such as walking, sharing with others, expressing emotions, recognizing familiar sounds, and talking. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT? DEVELOPMENT IS THE PROCESS OF FUNCTIONAL OR PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURATION OF AN INDIVIDUAL.

2. NORMAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES- DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES AVERAGE AGE OF ACHIEVEMENT SOCIAL SMILE 0-3 MONTHS NECK HOLDING 2-3 MONTHS ROLLING- SUPINE TO PRONE 4-6 MONTHS PRONE TO SUPINE 4-6 MONTHS CREEPING 6-8 MONTHS CRAWLING 6-8 MONTHS QUADRUPAD 7-9 MONTHS HALF KNEELING 9-11 MONTHS KNEELING 9-11 MONTHS SITTING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 4-7 MONTHS / 5-9 MONTHS STANDING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 10-12 MONTHS / 11-12 MONTHS WALKING WITH / WITHOUT SUPPORT 10-12 MONTHS / 12-15 MONTHS RUNNING 19-20 MONTHS JUMPING 23-24 MONTHS

3. DOMAINS OF DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

4. Development of one domain. Development of other domains. Influences/guide influenced DEVELOPMENT IN ONE DOMAIN INFLUENCES AND IS INFLUENCED BY THE DEVELOPMENT IN OTHER DOMAINS.

5. Domains Age group Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional 0-3 months flexed (Bent) position lift head up to 45° Fisted hands. bring both hands together in the centre responds to different sounds. Cooing sound. Watches hands. Explores env by looking around. Looks to find for caregiver. Respond positively to touch. Smile and show pleasure in response to social stimulation. 3-6 months pulls self to sitting and tripod position. Tracks objects side to side, crossing the midline. Recognizes and Looks toward person talking to him. Laughs Hits hanging objects Looks for dropped obj. Pays attention to own name. Stretches arm to be picked up

6. Domains Age group Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional 6-9 months Rolling on both sides. Creeps on the abdomen. Holds objects using the thumb side of the hand. Points at object using index finger Child responds to name call. Produces early babbling, frequently heard sounds like “ baba, dada”. Drops one or both objects held in hand to obtain a third object. Distinguish friends from strangers. Respond actively to language and gestures. 9-12 months able to sit up from lying position Child pulls himself/ herself to standing Catches rolling ball Holds bottle and crayon or chalk and attempts fisted scribbling. Voluntary release objects follow simple commands like “come here”, “Put that Down”. Pushes button of switches, toys, gadgets. Shows interest in picture books. Claps hands and waves good-bye. Hugs doll or animal. Mimic simple actions

7. 2-3 years Ride a tricycle. Walk down the stairs with no railing. Imitates vertical and horizontal lines. Unscrews lids of container. Copies a circle Tells three-to-four-word sentences. Starts asking what, who, where, why? Recognizes missing part of a picture/ toy. Matches box or marbles that are of same colour Show awareness of gender identity. Indicate toileting needs. Help to dress and undress themselves. 1-2 years Running and jumping. picks up small objects like rice grain, thread with thumb and index finger Turns pages, 1 at a time. Build tower. Imitates animal noises. Identifies body parts, surrounding objects and family members Functional object use like brushes own hair with brush, pushes toy car. Imitates using real props like sweeps with broom, bangs with hammer Shows affection. Play by themselves and initiate their own play. Express negative feelings. Domains Age group Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional

8. Domains Age group Gross motor Fine motor Speech-language cognition Socio-emotional 3-4 years starts to hop. Walks backward in line Copies cross, draws two-to-four-part person. Cuts paper in half. Follows three-step commands. Speaks complex sentences. Reports on past events, creates imaginary roles. Self-talks to problem-solve Share toys, taking turns with assistance. Initiate or join in play with other children and make up games. 4-5 years Catches ball. Child Balances on one foot for 10 s. Copies square. Washes and dries hands thoroughly. Make tripod pencil grasp. 100% speech intelligible. Starts meaningful counting up to 10 objects. Copies written word. develops friendships. Enjoy imaginative play with other children, like dress up or house.

9. Development in/of Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walking Features Postural stability of the head Postural stability of shoulder girdle postural stabilization (P.S.)of head Head control is raising, holding and head turning P.S. shoulder girdle P.S. vertical head control P.S. shoulder girdle Antigravity support or weight bearing on feet. P.S. head on the trunk. Features Achieved with different positions

10. Development in/of Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walking Features 3. P.S. pelvis 4.Counterpoising of head 5.Counterpoising the arm movement 3. P.S. pelvis 4.Counterpoising limbs in air. 3. P.S. head and trunk. 4. Sitting counterpoising head, arm, trunk and leg movements. 3. Control of antero -posterior weight shift. 4. Control of lateral sway. 5. Counterpoising in standing position with support(9-12mos) and without support (12-18 mos ) Features Achieved with different positions

11. Development in/of Prone Supine Sitting Standing/walking Features Features Achieved with different positions

12. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Development in/of prone Supine Sitting Standing Age: 0-3 months stabilisation weight bearing motion Head lag Body held

13. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Development in/of prone supine sitting standing Age: 3-6 months stabilisation weight bearing motion

14. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Development in/of prone supine sitting standing Age: 6-9 months stabilisation weight bearing motion

15. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Development in/of prone supine sitting standing Age: 9-12 mos stabilisation weight bearing motion

16. MOTOR DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES Development in/of prone supine sitting standing Age: 12-18 mos stabilisation weight bearing motion