Diabetes and Heavy metals.pdf asdfghjkll

1. DIABETES

2. •Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 (4), and
the Haplotype Mapping (HapMap) Project in 2005 (5), the stage
was set for using large-scale collaborative genome-wide association
studies (GWAS) to search for genetic factors for many common
diseases of public health importance, including type 2 diabetes (6
•Results of these two studies clearly indicate that currently we have
a limited ability to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes in the general
population based on genetic profiles, especially when added to
established risk factors.

•So, what can we do?

3. Public Health Genomics
•A multidisciplinary field concerned with the effective and
responsible translation of genome-based knowledge and
technologies to improve population health.
•Apply systematic evidence-based knowledge synthesis and
appraisal of the clinical validity and utility of genomic applications in
health practice.
•Validated genomic information is then integrated into disease
control and prevention programs.


Diabetes. 2008 November; 57(11): 2911–2914.doi: 10.2337/db08-1045

4. •TABLE 1
•The continuum of translation research in human genomics: types of research and
examples related to type 2 diabetes
•Translation research phase Notation Types of research Examples
•T1 Discovery to candidate health application Phases I and II clinical trials;
observational studies Can genetic variants be used singly and in combinations to
predict type 2 diabetes
•T2 Health application to evidence-based practice guidelines Phase II clinical trial;
observational studies; evidence synthesis and guidelines development What are
the benefits and harms for using genetic variants in type 2 diabetes prediction? Can we
reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes?
•T3 Practice guidelines to health practice Dissemination research; implementation
research: diffusion research phase IV clinical trials How can we move evidence-
based guidelines for genetic testing for type 2 diabetes into practice? Are there
barriers to testing?
•T4 Practice to population health impact Outcomes research (includes multiple
disciplines); population monitoring of morbidity, mortality, benefits, and risk
Do genetic testing for type 2 diabetes and targeted interventions reduce the
burden of type 2 diabetes in the population?

5. •Diabetes mellitus in India is Prevalence of Diabetes in India Study –
PODIS (2002), a multi-centric study (49 urban and 59 rural centres)
on 41,000 Indian people. PODIS has estimated the age and gender
standardised prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India to be 3.3
percent.

6. •How sensitive the insulin receptor sites are to chemical poisoning.
•Metals such as cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Lead, Fluoride and
Aluminum may play a role in the actual destruction of beta cells
through stimulating an auto-immune reaction to them after they
have bonded to these cells in the pancreas.
•Mercury and Lead attach themselves at highly vulnerable junctures
of proteins.
•Changes in pancreatic function is the lading mechanisms observable
during lead intoxication.
•The development of Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is thought
to be dependent on the interaction of environmental agents with
the pancreatic beta cells.
"Survival Medicine for the 21st Century" by Dr. Mark Sircus.

7. Heavy Metals
•Lead exposure has been associated with an increased risk of
hypertension, and is a well-established risk factor for kidney
disease.
•Hypothesis that long-term low-level lead accumulation (estimated
by tibia bone lead) is associated with an increased risk of declining
renal function particularly among diabetics or hypertensives,
populations already at risk for impaired renal function.”
•Researchers at Harvard Medical School
•Cadmium is a widespread environmental pollutant that accumulates
in the pancreas and exerts diabetogenic effects in animals.

8. Heavy Metals
•Insulin has three sulfur-containing cross-linkages and the insulin
receptor has a tyrosine kinase-containing sulfur bond, which are the
preferred targets for binding by both mercury and lead.
•Mercury attach to one of these three sulfur bonds it will interfere
with the normal biological function of the insulin molecule.
•Mercury, many times more toxic than lead, is so dangerous exactly
because it is collapsing/damaging critical sulfur-containing cross-
linkages which change the geometry of both insulin receptor sites
and insulin itself.
•Many serious nutritional deficiencies in today's food that diminish
the body's capacity to deal safely with these chemicals and heavy
metals – with Magnesium and Selenium deficiencies at the top of
the list. Eg. Arsenic in poultry- Dr. Ellen Silbergeld – John Hopkin’s

9. Arsenic
•Arsenic exposure is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus.
•Inorganic arsenic is considered one of the prominent environmental
causes of cancer mortality in the world.
•Chicken consumption may contribute significant amounts of arsenic
to total arsenic exposure of the U.S. population.
Journal Environmental Health Perspectives.
•Arsenic acts as a growth stimulant in chickens.
•Chicken consumption (60 g/person/day), people may ingest 1.38 to
5.24 mcg/day of inorganic arsenic from chicken alone.
•350 g chicken/day - 21.13 - 30.59 micrograms inorganic arsenic/day
and 32.50-47.07 micrograms total arsenic/day.
•This can lead to prostate cancers, neurological, cardiovascular,
gastrointestinal, and immune system abnormalities.

10. Arsenic
•The association between arsenic exposure and diabetes
mellitus is a relatively new finding. Up to now, there are six
epidemiologic reports linking diabetes mellitus with arsenic
exposure from environmental and occupational sources.

(Two reports in Taiwan carried out in the blackfoot disease -- hyperendemic villages, one cross-sectional
and one prospective follow-up of the same cohort -- indicate that arsenic exposure from drinking artesian
well water is associated with prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus in a dose responsive pattern.)
•Sweden - case-control analyses of death records of copper
smelters and glass workers revealed a trend of increasing diabetes
mellitus with increasing arsenic exposure from inhalation. In
•Bangladesh - prevalence of diabetes mellitus among arsenic-
exposed subjects with keratosis was about five times higher than
unexposed subjects.

11. •Alloxan – destroys the beta cells of the pancreas
•A growing body of research shows that pesticides and other
contaminants are more prevalent in the foods we eat, in our bodies,
and in the environment than we thought," all confirming the
chemical nightmare in progress.
FDA not recognizing the fact
•lk

12. •Pesticide exposures may affect glucose metabolism and insulin
resistance. Specifically, four herbicides (2,4,5-T; 2,4,5-TP; atrazine;
or butylate) and three insecticides (diazinon, phorate, or
carbofuran) were associated with reporting gestational diabetes.

13. Aspartame - Dr. H.J. Roberts
1)Leads to the precipitation of clinical diabetes.
2)Causes poorer diabetic control in diabetics on insulin or oral
drugs.
3) Leads to the aggravation of diabetic complications such as
retinopathy, cataracts, neuropathy and gastroparesis.
4)Causes convulsions
“Dr. Adrian Gross told Congress that without a shadow of a doubt,
aspartame can cause brain tumors and brain cancer and violated the
Delaney Amendment which forbids putting anything in food that is
known to cause Cancer (FDA toxicologist)”
•As the use of MSG and aspartame grows, the incidence of obesity
appears to be growing.
Chemical Cause of Diabets

14. MSG
•Cause food addiction
•Very large insulin response after it is ingested since there are
glutamate receptors in the pancreas.
•Opens calcium channels, thus constricting blood vessels –- this may
put diabetics with high blood pressure at risk by negating calcium
channel blocker medication.
•Retinal damage
•Obesity – due to damage in hypothalamus
•Severe endocrine problems later in life, among them decreased
thyroid hormone, increased tendency toward diabetes, and higher
cortisone levels than normal.

15. MSG
•Researchers at the University of Liverpool recently released their
studies that examined the toxic effects on nerve cells in the
laboratory of using a combination of four common food additives --
aspartame, monosodium glutamate (MSG) and the artificial
colourings brilliant blue and quinoline yellow.

16. Drugs
•Landymore-Lim says that diabetes may in fact be a major side effect
of pharmaceutical drugs.
•Doctors are on notice that many drugs have toxic effects that can
participate in destroying insulin creation and cell receptivity to it.

17. Drugs
•In 2004 the American Diabetes Association, the American
Psychiatric Association, the North American Association for the
Study of Obesity, and the American Association of Clinical
Endocrinologists made a similar announcement warning people to
be careful to watch for signs they are developing diabetes, obesity
or high cholesterol
• Some of the drugs are Abilify, Clozaril, Geodon, Risperdal, Seroquel
or Zyprexa.

18. Bisphenol A
Polycarbonate plastic used in –
•Plastic coating for children's teeth to prevent cavities, as a
•Coating in metal cans to prevent the metal from contact with
food contents,
•Plastic in food containers,
•Refrigerator shelving,
•Baby bottles, water bottles, sport drink bottles,
•Returnable containers for juice, milk and water,
•Micro-wave ovenware and eating utensils.

19. Bisphenol A
•Alter the expression of several hundred genes with effects varying
among special tissues and depending upon the timing of exposure.
•Prostate and Breast cancer, Obesity, hyperactivity, Diabetes,
Altered immune system, Low sperm count, and Early puberty.
•Increase the conversion of embryonic cells into fat cells.
•Increases the uptake of sugar into fat cells
•Higher levels in women with a history of repeated spontaneous
miscarriages - Meiotic aneuploidy (common cause for miscarriage)

20. Dioxins
•Dioxins are known to form concurrently with furans during
combustion processes such as: incineration of municipal solid waste
and industrial waste, and are associated with ash generated in the
incineration process. Emissions from these sources vary greatly and
depend on management practices and the applied technologies.
Combustion of many chlorine-containing materials (such as plastic
material like polyvinyl chloride, paper, wood treated with
pentachlorophenols, pesticide-treated waste, and PCBs) can
produce dioxins and furans. Dioxins and furans have also been
detected in emissions from coal-fired power plants, home-heating
systems, exhaust from cars running on leaded gasoline, and
cigarette smoke.

21. Dioxins
•increased white blood cells, platelet, IgA, and sedimentation rates
suggest a chronic inflammatory response.
•98% of the daily intake of dioxins for the general population comes
from ingesting food and milk.
•Average intake of TCDD for adults has been calculated to be about
25 picograms (pg) per day or 0.35 pg per kilogram (kg) of body
weight per day.
•If all dioxins and furans are included and TEFs are used, the total
average daily intake of TCDD equivalents for adults is about 90
pg/day or 1.3 pg/kg body wt/day.

22. Dioxin - Risks
•Increase in diabetes
•Cardiovascular diseases in men
•Higher rate of heart disease in men
•Liver diseases
•Chloracne and hyperpigmentation

23. Dioxin
•Dioxin interacts with AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon receptors),
which results in the formation of proteins in the nucleus that
interfere with cellular growth and differentiation.
•Since dioxin dissolves in fat, it must be transformed in the
liver to become water soluble so it can be excreted. This is a
slow process, so dioxin accumulates in our fat and liver.

24. The Molecular Structure - Dioxins
•Chlorinated organic
chemicals with similar
structures.
•The chlorine atoms
can be attached in 8
different places on
the molecule.
•The harmful effects of
dioxin vary according
to where the Cl atoms
are located.

25. Phthalates
•Man-made chemicals that are structurally related to the organic
acid, phthalic acid.
•Most important use of phthalates is in plastics, especially PVC
•Found in industrial, household and consumer products - including
personal care products such as nail polish, hair sprays, soaps,
shampoos, perfumes, moisturizers.
•Found in pipes, vinyl wall and floor coverings, roofing materials,
safety glass, car parts, lubricating oils, detergents, food packaging,
adhesives, paints, inks, medical tubing, blood bags,
pharmaceuticals, footwear, electrical cables, stationery, and (until
recently) in toys.
•Environmental Health Perspectives study - showed that exposure to
phthalates correlated with two metabolic abnormalities in men:
abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.

26. PCP – Pentachlorophenol
•Used in the timber industry for years as a cheap treatment for
sapstain, a fungal infection commonly found in softwoods such as
pine.
•An organic chemical produced by reacting chlorine gas with phenol.
The process creates a number of toxic impurities such as
tetrachlorophenol, hexachlorobenzene and several types of dioxins
and dibenzofurans.
•The main route of absorption is through the skin.
•Chronic health effects – Cancer and Diabetes – do not appear until
long after exposure. The sawmill workers were constantly exposed
to PCP as they mixed chemicals and handled wet, treated timber.

27. Persistent Organic Pollutants
•DDT, dioxins, PCBs and Chlordane. And even though twelve POPs -
- the so-called "dirty dozen”
•Virtually every person on the planet has POPs in their body and
the chemicals have been linked to cancers, birth defects and
disabilities
•Researchers in Korea have found strong evidence linking POPs
and diabetes.
•"The amount of POPs in each person's body is a reflection of their
diet, where they live, what the concentration of these substances
is in the air they breathe, and probably related to how rapidly they
metabolize these compounds." - Dr. David Carpenter

28. POP
•Most interesting observation is that there was no relationship
between being obese and developing diabetes in those persons
that did not have high levels of these organic pollutants in their
bodies
•So the question - obesity that leads to the diabetes or rather the
presence of these persistent organic pollutants
•"In the human body these compounds last about ten years before
you get rid of half of them. In the environment they're even more
persistent." - Dr. David Carpenter

29. Food
•Not considered junk just because of high fat or sugar content.
•It is a long list of poisonous chemicals used by the food industry
that are striking people down.
•There are many serious nutritional deficiencies in today's food that
diminish the bodies capacity to deal safely with these chemicals and
heavy metals -- with magnesium and selenium deficiencies at the
top of the list.
•Magnesium deficiency is a predictor of diabetes; diabetics both
need more magnesium and lose more magnesium than most people
•In two new studies, in both men and women, those who consumed
the most magnesium in their diet were least likely to develop type 2
diabetes - January 2006 Journal Diabetes Care.

30. Body Chemistry - Breakdown
•All indications suggest that the medical industrial complex will not
squarely face the facts and the research and will not work in
earnest to reduce the chemical exposures the masses are facing.
Too much money is involved in manufacturing hundreds of millions
of tons of chemicals each year and huge fortunes are made by the
economic elite in the sale of toxins that are dragging large
segments of the population to their sick beds and early graves.
•Our civilization is poisoning itself and the medical and dental
communities participate with passion.