Diabetes_Mellitus_Final_Presentation.pptx

Nursing

1. Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Presentation B.Sc Nursing 2nd Year Mamta Devi - Roll No. 14

2. Introduction Chronic metabolic disorder Characterized by hyperglycemia Known as a lifestyle disease

3. Definition Group of metabolic diseases Defect in insulin secretion, action, or both

4. Normal Glucose Metabolism [Insert diagram of insulin & glucose uptake here]

5. Pathophysiology Insulin resistance Beta cell dysfunction [Insert flowchart here]

6. Classification Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Gestational Diabetes Other specific types

7. Type 1 Diabetes Onset in children/young adults Autoimmune destruction of beta cells Requires lifelong insulin

8. Type 1 DM - Pathogenesis [Insert pancreas diagram / autoimmune destruction]

9. Type 2 Diabetes Common in adults Associated with obesity and inactivity Insulin resistance initially

10. Type 2 DM - Pathogenesis [Insert diagram of insulin resistance]

11. Gestational Diabetes Develops during pregnancy Usually resolves after delivery Risk for type 2 later

12. Other Types MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young) Secondary diabetes (pancreatitis, Cushing's)

13. Risk Factors Family history Obesity Sedentary lifestyle Poor diet Age > 45 History of GDM

14. Genetic Factors Inheritance pattern [Insert DNA/Genetics illustration]

15. Lifestyle Factors Poor diet Lack of exercise [Insert unhealthy lifestyle photo]

16. Classical Symptoms Polyuria Polydipsia Polyphagia

17. Other Symptoms Fatigue Blurred vision Slow wound healing Recurrent infections

18. Complications - Overview Acute and Chronic complications [Insert multi-organ diagram]

19. Diagnostic Criteria Fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg/dL OGTT ≥200 mg/dL HbA1c ≥6.5% Random glucose ≥200 mg/dL

20. Fasting Blood Glucose [Insert chart showing normal vs diabetes levels]

21. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [Insert OGTT curve diagram]

22. HbA1c Reflects 2-3 month glucose average [Insert HbA1c diagram]

23. Other Tests Lipid profile Urine test C-peptide Imaging if needed

24. Management Principles Lifestyle modification Medications Monitoring

25. Lifestyle Modification Balanced diet Regular exercise Weight management

26. Dietary Guidelines High fiber Limit refined carbs Healthy fats [Insert food pyramid]

27. Exercise 150 minutes/week moderate activity [Insert exercise photo]

28. Oral Medications Metformin Sulfonylureas DPP-4 inhibitors SGLT2 inhibitors

29. Insulin Therapy Rapid acting Short acting Intermediate acting Long acting [Insert insulin injection sites diagram]

30. Newer Approaches Insulin pumps Continuous glucose monitoring Mobile apps

31. Nursing Management Monitor vitals and sugar Patient education Support lifestyle changes

32. Nursing Assessment Subjective data Objective data [Insert nurse-patient photo]

33. Nursing Diagnoses Imbalanced nutrition Risk for unstable glucose level Ineffective health management

34. Nursing Interventions Diet planning Glucose monitoring Education about insulin use

35. Acute Complications Hypoglycemia Diabetic ketoacidosis

36. Chronic Complications Retinopathy Nephropathy Neuropathy Cardiovascular disease [Insert retina/foot ulcer photo]

37. Diabetic Retinopathy [Insert retina image]

38. Diabetic Nephropathy [Insert kidney diagram]

39. Diabetic Neuropathy [Insert nerve damage diagram]

40. Foot Complications [Insert diabetic foot ulcer image]

41. Prevention Healthy lifestyle Regular check-ups Stress management

42. Patient Education Self-monitoring Medication adherence Regular follow-up

43. Community Awareness Health camps Awareness programs [Insert poster photo]

44. Case Study 48-year-old male Obesity + family history Polyuria, fatigue RBG 260 mg/dL Diagnosis: Type 2 DM Management: lifestyle + metformin

45. Future Directions Artificial pancreas Genetic therapies AI in diabetes care

46. Summary Diabetes is common but manageable Early detection prevents complications Lifestyle + treatment is key

47. Conclusion Not curable but controllable Teamwork approach vital

48. References Textbooks WHO, ADA guidelines CC licensed images credits