Dictyoptera and Isoptera

Detailed account of orders Dictyoptera and Isoptera with important families

1. Dictyoptera (Cockroaches and M antids) Submitted By :- Jayant Yadav , C.C.S.H.A.University, Hisar, Haryana

2. Characteristics :- Medium to large sized insects Filiform antennae Biting mouthparts Legs similar to each other or in Mantids fore legs raptorial Fore wings are thickened to form tegmina, and the tarsi are 5-segmented Eggs present in an ootheca. Female with reduced ovipositor and male with asymmetrical genitalia which bears a pair of styles. Cerci many-segmented Specialized stridulatory and auditory organs absent.

3. Body : Medium to large sized insects Head : Usually hypognathous Antennae : F iliform or setaceous Mouth Parts: Chewing type General Characters

4. Thorax : Prothorax usually larger than meso and metathorax Wings : Forewing leathery – tegmina ; hindwings – membranous and folded, fanlike Legs : Forelegs are Raptorial in Mantids and Cursorial in Blattidae

5. Male genitalia is asymmetrical. On 9 th segment pair of styli. Cerci many segmented. Cerci>Styli

6. SUB-ORDERS BLATTARIA Polyphagidae Blaberidae Blattidae Epilampridae MANTODEA Amorphoscelidae Eremiaphilidae Hymenopodidae Mantidae Empusidae

7. BLATTARIA Head is not mobile in all directions. Pronotum is shield like and covers the head. Body is flattened and dark coloured . Antennae long and setaceous. Legs are cursorial type. Ootheca is chitinous. They are omnivorus. Common family : Blattidae : eg. American cockroach MANTODEA Head is mobile in all directions. Pronotum is elongated and do not cover the head. Body is elongated sometimes cylindrical. Antennae long, setaceous and may be filiform in some species. Legs are raptorial type. Ootheca is not chitinous. They are carnivorous. Common family : Mantidae : eg. Preying mantids

8. Blattaria Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats 4,000 Roaches, cockroaches - damp, warm dark areas - tropical forests No ovipositor No saltatorial hind legs -ootheca used in oviposition

9. Family : Blattidae Antennae long and setaceous Forewings prominently tegmina Legs similar to one another Tarsi 5-segmented Ovipositor reduced and concealed under the 7 th abdominal sternum A pair of many segmented cerci. They are mainly household pests. e x . American cockroach, P eriplanela americana German cockroach, Blatella germanica

10. Fig :- Ootheca of Cockroach

11. Mantodea Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats 2.300 Mantids - arboreal Predatory adaptations -ootheca used in oviposition

12. Family : Mantidae Usually large insects having elongated and cylindrical body. Forelegs modified as raptorial with spines on inner-ventral side of fore-femurs. Antennae comparatively shorter and filiform. Pronotum is elongated and do not cover the head. Nymphs are cannibalistic. Mimic leaves and flowers. Predators on crop pests. ex. Praying mantis, Mantis religiosa.

13. Fig :- Ootheca of Praying Mantis

14. ISOPTERA (Termites )

15. Isoptera Number of Species Common names Distinguishing characteristics Other features Typical habitats Hexapod Order 3,000 Termites, white ants Iso - equal, ptera - wings - fossorial, colonial Sociality Castes Pale, elongate body. Antennae about the same length as the head.

16. Isoptera (termites) Greek "iso" = equal, "ptera" = wings Pale, elongate body 2 pairs of membranous wings of equal length only present in reproductives and shed after mating Mandibulate (chewing) mouthparts Antennae about the same length as the head Sometimes now classified with Blattodea because their DNA suggests that they are specialized roaches

17. Head Antennae; Moniliform Mouth parts; Chewing type

18. Thorax & Abdomen Wings similar After mating shed their wings Tarsi 4 segmented Short cerci

19. Caste system in Termites

20. Termite Life Cycle Nymphs Supplemental reproductives Worker Soldier Reproductive nymph Alate (winged reproductive} Wingless reproductive King Queen Eggs

21. How are castes determined? King Produce male inhibitor Produce female inhibitor Queen stimulates Male nymph Female nymph Absorbs male inhibitor Passes female inhibitor Absorbs female inhibitor Passes male inhibitor To other worker nymphs via mutual feeding proctodeal feeding proctodeal feeding

22. Termite nests

23. Termite Damage

24. Families Termitidae Rhinotermitidae Kalotermitidae Hudotermitidae

25. Termitidae Antinnae: Moniliform Wing have colour Forewing have scale Scale of forewing < pronotum Pronotum is saddle shaped

26. Radius: behind the costal margin Without branching Redial sector is reduced or absent Cerci 1 or 2 segmented

27. Rhinotermitidae Scales of fore wing > Pronotum Radius vein is behind the costal margin Radius vein is without anterior branching Pronotum is flat Cerci 2 segmented

28. Kalotermitidae Ocelli absent Radius vein have 1 or 2 anterior branches

29. Hudotermitidae Ocelli absent Radius vein with one or 2 anterior branches

30. THANK YOU