Dietary management for hypertension-DASH diet

hypertension
dietary management
nutrients required
DASH diet

1. DIETARY MANAGEMENT HYPERTENSION R.FASEEHA 18PW28158

2. Hypertension WHO defines Hypertension as the condition in which systolic pressure exceeds 120mm Hg and diastolic pressure exceeds 95 mm Hg High blood pressure causes 1 in every 8 deaths worldwide, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. Blood pressure is necessary to move blood through arteries and provide oxygen to the tissues of the body When the diastolic pressure in 100 or more therapy should be initiated through drugs as well as diet High blood pressure, or hypertension, has no symptoms, and is often called the “silent killer” because it can go undetected for years until a fatal heart attack or stroke occurs. This can lead to other health complications such as stroke, kidney failure, impaired vision, heart attack, or heart failure.

3. Dietary management Low calorie, low fat, low sodium diet with normal protein intake is prescribed PRINCIPLES OF DIET Earlier Kempner's rice fruit diet was suggested This diet is very restrictive diet and deficient in many nutrients 1) ENERGY An obese patient is reduced to normal body weight with low calorie diet About 20 Kcal /Kg - sedentary worker 25 Kcal/kg -moderately active worker Alcohol consumption should be reduced 2) PROTEIN A diet of 60g protein is necessary to maintain proper nutrition In severe hypertension protein restriction to 20g is required as a temporary measure since protein foods are rich in sodium

4. 3) FATS As they are prone to atherosclerosis it is advisable to avoid high intake of animal or hydrogenated fat. About 20g vegetable oil is permitted Omega 3 fatty acids  has a role in regulation of blood pressure DHA is more potent than EPA 4) CARBOHYDRATE Easily avoilable carbohydrate is of great help in managemnet of high Blood pressure 5) SODIUM Increased sodium intake leads to increased intravascular volume and thus increases cardiac output by elevating blood pressure Restricted sodium and decrease in sodium/potassium ratio in diet  Moderate sodium restriction 2-3glday reduces diastolic pressure 6-10mm HG Soduim restriction accompanied by weoght reduction effectively control mild/moderate arterial blood pressure

5. 6) POTASSIUM Potassium works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance.  Low level of potassium cause the body to retain sodium and water and this can elevate blood pressure Research shows that a high potassium-to-sodium ratio is associated with a greater likelihood that normal blood pressure will be maintained.  The recommended intake of potassium is 3500mg/day Instead, potassium rich foods such as leafy green vegetables, root vegetables like potatoes and carrots, and fruit, should be eaten everyday to meet potassium requirement 7) CALCIUM Intake of calcium has blood pressure lowering effects It is involved in the control of strength with which blood is pumped by the heart and the flow of blood in the veins and capillaries both of which conribute the blood pressure

6. Dash- dietary approach to stop hypertension The DASH diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy foods; includes meat, fish, poultry, nuts and beans; and is limited in sugar-sweetened foods and beverages, red meat, and added fats.   It is a dietary pattern promoted by the U.S.-based National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to prevent and control hypertension.   DASH is a flexible and balanced eating plan.  It has been proven to lower blood pressure and cholesterol In addition to being a low salt (or low sodium) plan, the DASH diet provides additional benefits to reduce blood pressure.  It is a high fiber, low to moderate fat diet, rich in potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

7. Diet suggested by dash The DASH diet emphasizes portion size, eating a variety of foods and getting the right amount of nutrients.  Grains (6 to 8 servings a day)   Grains include bread, cereal, rice and pasta.     Focus on whole grains because they have more fiber and nutrients than do refined grains. For instance, use brown rice instead of white rice, whole-wheat pasta instead of regular pasta and whole-grain bread instead of white bread . Grains are naturally low in fat, so avoid spreading on butter or adding cream and cheese sauces. Vegetables (4 to 5 servings a day)  Tomatoes, carrots, broccoli, sweet potatoes, greens and other vegetables are full of fiber, vitamins, and such minerals as potassium and magnesium Examples of one serving include 1 cup raw leafy green vegetables or 1/2 cup cut- up raw or cooked vegetable

8. Fruits (4 to 5 servings a day)   Many fruits need little preparation to become a healthy part of a meal or snack. Like vegetables, they're packed with fiber, potassium and magnesium and are typically low in fat — exceptions include avocados and coconuts. Examples of one serving include 1 medium fruit or 1/2 cup fresh fruit.  Dairy (2 to 3 servings a day)   Milk, yogurt, cheese and other dairy products are major sources of calcium, vitamin D and protein. Choose dairy products that are low-fat or fat- free .  Examples of one serving include 1 cup skim or 1 cup yogurt or 1 1/2 oz. cheese Lean meat, poultry and fish (6 or fewer servings a day)  •Meat can be a rich source of protein, B vitamins, iron and zinc.  But because even lean varieties contain fat and cholesterol, don't make them a mainstay of your diet Examples of one serving include 1 oz. cooked skinless poultry, seafood or lean meat, 1 egg,/tuna. Trim away skin and fat from meat and then broil, grill, roast or poach instead of frying.  Eat heart-healthy fish, such as salmon, herring and tuna.  These types of fish are high in omega-3 fatty acids, which can help lower your total cholesterol.

9. Alcohol and Caffeine    Drinking too much alcohol can increase blood pressure.  The DASH diet recommends that men limit alcohol to two or fewer drinks a day and women one or less.  FIBER  Getting the recommended daily amount—22 to 34 grams for adults—helps you feel full and promotes good digestion. DASH provides more than enough. Nuts, seeds and legumes: 4 to 5 servings a week  Almonds, sunflower seeds, kidney beans, peas, lentils and other foods in this family are good sources of magnesium, potassium and protein and full of fiber and phytochemicals, They contain healthy types of fat — monounsaturated fat and omega-3 fatty acids