DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IOT & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Explore the key differences between IoT (Internet of Things) and Embedded Systems in this insightful PDF. Understand their definitions, architectures, applications, and how they complement each other in modern technology. This document highlights:

Core concepts of IoT and Embedded Systems
Comparison of functionalities and use cases
Real-world applications in industries like healthcare, automotive, and smart homes
How IoT integrates with Embedded Systems for innovation
Ideal for students, professionals, and tech enthusiasts aiming to deepen their understanding of these transformative technologies.

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1. IOT
&
EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
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Embedded Systems
An embedded system is a specialized computing system designed to
perform a specific task within a larger system. It typically involves a
combination of hardware (microcontroller or microprocessor) and
software that operates in real-time with limited resources.
Embedded systems are commonly found in devices like home
appliances, cars, industrial machines, and medical devices.
IoT (Internet of Things)
IoT refers to a network of interconnected devices that collect,
exchange, and act on data through the internet. These devices can
range from simple sensors to complex embedded systems. IoT
emphasizes connectivity, enabling communication between devices
(or "things") and remote systems (cloud servers, applications) to
enable smart functionalities.

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Connectivity
Embedded Systems :
Embedded systems do not necessarily require internet connectivity.
They are often standalone systems designed to operate
independently, though they may interact with other devices via local
communication (e.g., CAN, SPI, I2C, UART).
IoT :
IoT devices, by definition, must have some form of internet
connectivity, whether via Wi-Fi, cellular networks, or other
communication protocols. The central feature of IoT is its ability to
send and receive data over a network.

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Purpose
Embedded Systems :
Embedded systems are typically designed for specific, fixed
functions. They focus on control, monitoring, and data processing
within the device they are embedded in.
IoT :
IoT extends the capabilities of embedded systems by connecting
them to the internet. IoT devices aim to provide insights through data
collection and enable automation, remote control, and monitoring of
systems.

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Examples
Embedded Systems :
Washing machines
Digital cameras
Automotive ECUs (Engine Control Units)
IoT :
Smart thermostats (e.g., Nest)
Wearable health trackers (e.g., Fitbit)
Connected home security systems

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Software and Protocols
Embedded Systems :
Embedded systems often use low-level programming languages (e.g.,
C, assembly) and are built to run with limited resources (e.g., memory,
power). They may use real-time operating systems (RTOS) for time-
sensitive operations.
IoT :
IoT devices often utilize both embedded software and higher-level
communication protocols (e.g., MQTT, CoAP) to enable cloud
integration and data analytics. They may involve more complex
software stacks due to the need for network communication,
security, and scalability.

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Focus
Embedded Systems :
Focus on functionality, real-time performance, and resource
efficiency.
IoT :
Focus on connectivity, data-driven applications, and integration with
the internet/cloud.

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